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中国对虾精子超低温保存的研究
柯亚夫, 蔡难儿
中国科学院海洋研究所 青岛 266071
摘要:
于1991年11月–1993年5月对中国对虾纳精囊中精子进行超低温保存研究。结果表明，以自然海水或人工海水作基础液添加10％DMSO（V／V）及5％–10％的甘油配制成抗冻稀释液，稀释中国对虾精子进行超低温保存最有效，存活率在60％以上；保存94–138d，解冻后作人工授精，受精率最高达59％；稀释液中Mg2+，K+，Ca2+为超低温保存所必需，但Ca2+浓度过高则不利于精子的保存。光镜及电镜观察表明。冷冻对中国对虾精子的损伤主要表现为“棘突”的折断，严重时须体脱落仅剩精核；冻伤的精子不发生正常项体反应，不形成项体丝。
关键词:  中国对虾  精子  超低温保存  人工授精
DOI：
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基金项目:国家“八五”重点科技项目，C01920308
CRYOPRESERVATION OF SPERMATOZOA FROM THE MARINE SHRHVIP PENAEUS CHINENSIS
Ke Yafu, Cai Nan’er
Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071
Abstract:
Cryopreservation ( -196 °C) of spermatozoa from the marine shrimp Peneus chinensis was studied from 1991 to 1993. In cryopreservation of spermatozoa from thelycum, it is best that artificial or natural seawater is diluted with 10% DMSO and 5% - 10% Glycerol. Successful artificial insemination was observed after thawing of spermatozoa preserved in liquid nitrogen (LN2) for 94 - 138 days. The highest fertility rate of the spermatozoa from thelycum is 59%. Mg2+, Ca2+, K+ are necessary for cryopreservation of chinese shrimp spermatozoa.

Observation with optical microscope, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope ( TEM) showed several types of cryopreservation freezing injury such as snapping of “spike” , acrosome breaking off, breaking at the nuclear body. The freezing injuries prevent acrosome filament formation.
Key words:  Penaeus chinensis, Spermatozoa, Cryopreservation, Artificial insemination
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