| 摘要: |
| 于1997年10－11月，以青岛市红岛养殖场养殖的日本对虾为材料，采用分光光度法对其血淋巴中的溶血素进行活性检测，研究多种理化因子对其溶血性能的影响，以及日本对虾溶血素经细菌和虫草多糖肌肉注射刺激后的活性变化。结果表明，日本对虾溶血素的活性同对虾的健康状况密切相关。该溶血累经60℃以下处理溶血作用有所增强，在pH=5－9时溶血活性最高，Ca2+、Fe2+可增强溶血作用。注射大肠杆菌（2×107cells／尾）和虫草多糖能够诱导日本对虾溶血素的产生，使溶血活性有所提高；而注射哈维氏弧菌（7×107cells／尾）会导致对虾发病，降低溶血素的活性。 |
| 关键词: 日本对虾 溶血素 血淋巴 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家攀登计划B资助项目，PDB-6-6-3号 |
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| STUDIES ON ACTIVITIES DETERMINATION AND PROPERTIES OF HEMOLYSIN OF PENAEUS JAPONICUS |
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MOU Hai-jin, JIANG Xiao-lu, LIU Shu-qing, GUAN Hua-shi
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Fishery College, Ocean University of Qingdao, Qingdao, 266003
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| Abstract: |
| Hemolymph was collected by heart puncture from cultured Penaeus japonicus with a body length of 14–16cm from Hongdao prawn culturing farm in Qingdao from October to November, 1997. Hemolytic activity of hemolymph against chicken red blood cells was detected by colorimetric analysis. The effects of some physical and chemical factors such as heat, pH value, divalent metal cations on the hemolytic activity were studied. Having been stimulated by intramuscular injection with Escherichia coli and Vibrio harveyi, the prawns were nursed in the glass tanks in laboratory. Hemolymph was collected every 24h and changes in hemolytic activity were detected. Cordycepic polysaccharide extracted from Cordyceps miliaris was used as immunopotentiator. 1.0% polysaccharide was injected intramuscularly into the prawns. The Hemolymph was collected every 24h for the study of the induced change in hemolytic activity. The results are described below.
The hemolymph of P. japonicus possesses hemolytic activity against the red blood cells of chicken. Hemolysin acts as an important component in the immune system of P. japonicus. The activity of hemolysin is closely related to the health status of P. japonicus. There is a significant drop in the hemolytic activity of moribund prawn. Hence, the hemolytic activity could be used as a prawn's health index.
The activity of hemolysin could be improved to some extent under the treatment at 60°C for 20min. When the temperature went up over 70°C, the hemolymph began to denature and solidify. The pH range of hemolytic action was from 5 to 9. Hemolytic activity was also enhanced by Ca2+ and Fe2+, but not by Mg2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Mn2+.
Injection with 2×107 bacteria E. coli could induce the production of hemolysin in the hemolymph of P. japonicus. The increase in hemolysin would be favorable to sterilization and elimination of bacteria in the Hemolymph, so as to protect the prawn against the disease. However, with injection 7×107 bacteria V. harveyi, the activity of hemolysin of P. japonicus increased a little only at 24h, then dropped rapidly till 96h. At the same time, the prawns were caught by the disease and became moribund. As a kind of immunological polysaccharide, injected cordycepic polysaccharide could also induce the production of hemolysin in the Hemolymph, enhance the hemolytic activity, and strengthen the prawn's health and immune function. Therefore, the polysaccharide could be used in the prawn's culture to reduce the occurrence of diseases. |
| Key words: Penaeus japonicus, Hemolysin, Hemolymph |
