| 摘要: |
| 从当前国内外对疏浚物倾倒海洋后所产生的环境影响研究现状出发，就研究历史产生影响的生物、物理、化学过程，现场监测技术，疏浚物处理新技术的应用等方面的研究作了全面评述，这对港口、航道部门的疏浚土处理和防止海洋环境污染具有参考应用价值。 |
| 关键词: 疏浚物 倾抛处理 环境影响 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金资助项目，49471065号 |
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| OVERVIEW OF IMPACT OF DREDGED MATERIAL DISPOSAL ON MARINE ENVIRONMENT |
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YU Zhi-ying, ZHANG Yong
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State Key Laboralory of Estuarine & Coastal Assearch, East China Normal University, Changhai, 200062
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| Abstract: |
| Recently, rapid increase in the international trade is stimulating the fast development of port all over the world, resulting in severe marine pollution. Of the port productive activities, dredging for construction or maintenance of dock and navigation channel is usually the most significant cause of marine environment pollution. Systematic research on the environmental effect of dredging began at the early of the 1970's when the U.S. Army corps of engineer started its research projects at Pearl Harbor, New York Harbor and Tempa Harbor. These researches demonstrated the effects of the disposal of the dredged material on various marine environment elements such as sea water movement, sea floor topography, turbidity water quality, marine organisms and marine ecology. These pioneer research projects have provided very useful references in terms of practical applications, for the investigation into pre-disposal environment, environment monitoring during disposal and post-disposal, pollution prediction, dredging procedure, and disposal methods. At Rotterdam Harbor of the Netherlands, the biggest port in the world with an annual disposal of dredged material of 23×106m3, research on the marine environment effect of the dredging was initiated at the early 1980's and lasts until today. Similar researches are also conducted in Canada, Italy and China as well as in some other countries. These researches have indicated that the main short-term physical effect of dredged material disposal on the marine environment is the overlay on benthos; long-term physical effect is difficult to evaluate. The retrieving time of benthos after disposal depends largely on the physical-chemical properties of the dredged materials, water depth and water movement within the disposal area. Correct estimation and assessment of the chemical effect is still a big challenge. In general, it is significantly influenced by the physical diffusion ability of the disposal area. The researches also indicate that mathematical modeling is a very useful tool in the predication of the environmental effects of dredging. The extensive investigations into this issue have greatly helped people to understand and recognize the environment effect of the dredged material as a source of second-pollution. Future research of the environment effect of dredging will be the analysis of the chemical effect of dredged material, including the release and the diffusion processed of the chemical substances in seawater. It is necessary to establish a low-cost, long-term field monitoring system and the relevant laboratory techniques, develop new disposal technique for dredged material, establish a standard norm in the assessment of environment effect, and find ways to control directly the first-pollution occurring in port. |
| Key words: Dredged material, Disposal, Environment effect |
