| 摘要: |
| 2000年7–11月,对我国北黄海沿岸滩涂增养殖的菲律宾蛤仔Ruditapes philippinarum大规模死亡进行了研究,并对病害暴发与温度、盐度的相关性进行了探讨。利用FTM培养和组织切片方法对病害流行海域的菲律宾蛤仔进行了检测。结果表明,蛤仔体内寄生了大量病原帕金虫Perkinsus sp,感染率为20%–100%,感染强度为3–3565936cell/ind或2–1670615cell/g组织。感染强度与蛤仔大小有关,个体越小,感染程度越轻。经感染试验,进一步确定了帕金虫大量繁殖是引起蛤仔大规模死亡的原因。病害始于7月下旬,止于10月下旬;最初暴发于庄河栗子房海域,尔后逐渐向东西两侧海域蔓延。病害暴发时机主要受温度影响,高于20℃易于暴发帕金虫病害;流行范围主要受盐度影响,盐度为20–32海域适宜帕金虫病害的流行。 |
| 关键词: 菲律宾蛤仔 帕金虫 病害 |
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| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金资助项目30070124号;国家重点基础发展规划研究项目G1999012000号;国家海洋局青年基金资助项目99601号;中国科学院实验海洋生物学开放实验室资助项目001217G号;大连市科委资助项目;97-11号 |
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| PREVALENCE OF PERKINSUS SP. IN THE MANILA CLAM RUDITAPES PHILIPPINARUM ALONG NORTHERN COAST OF YELLOW SEA IN CHINA |
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LIANG Yu-Bo, ZHANG Xi-Chang, WANG Li-Jun, YANG Bo, ZHANG Ying, CAI Chun-Lei
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Institute of Marine Environmental Protection, State Oceanic Administration, Dalian, 116023
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| Abstract: |
| Epizootic mortality of the Manila clams, Ruditapes philippinarum, has been investigated along the northern coast of the Yellow sea in China on July to October 2000, and the disease relativity to temperature and salinity also been discussed. Perkinsus sp. was detected in the Manila clams from seven sites along the coast. Ray’s fluid thioglycollate medium (FTM) technique and Choi’s 2mol/L NaOH digestion technique were used in detection and quantification of Perkinsus sp. Cross-sections of the clams were embedded in paraffin, sliced to 3μm, and stained with hematoxylene and eosine to observe the presence of trophozoites.
Perkinsus cells were found mostly in connective tissues of gills, mantle, gonad and digestive gland, they were rarely observed in foot and siphons. The trophozoites were often enclosed in amorphous granules. Among the infected clams, infection prevalence was within a range from 20% to 100%. Average infection intensity at each sampling site varied from 3 to 3,565,936 Perkinsus spores per-individual or 2 to 1,670,615 spores gram tissue. The clam’s mortality was the highest in the Shichengdao because the Perkinsus cells in the individual was the most. A size-dependent Perkinsus sp. infection was found in the Manila clam collected from Donggang and Shichengdao, and the Manila clam’s size was the least, the Perkinsus infection intensity was the most slight. The infecting experiment results indicated that the mortality of the Manila clam was quite relative to the Perkinsus infection intensity, and the Perkinsus sp. was further confirmed to be responsible to the Manila clam’s mass mortality along the northern Yellow Sea coast. Temperature and salinity were considered to be major environmental parameters limiting spatial distribution and the Perkinsus disease occurred time, temperature over 20°C and salinity between 20–32 were suitable for the disease breakout. This study firstly reports on the spatial distribution, the infection and infection intensity of Perkinsus sp. in mollusk in Chinese coastal water. |
| Key words: Ruditapes philippinarum, Perkinsus sp., Disease |
