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| 2002年春、夏季东海赤潮高发区营养盐结构及分布特征的比较 |
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王修林, 孙 霞, 韩秀荣, 祝陈坚, 张传松, 辛 宇, 石晓勇
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中国海洋大学化学化工学院
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| 摘要: |
| 2002年8月26日 — 9月4日在东海赤潮高发区(29°00′ — 32°00′ N、122°00′ — 123°30′ E)进行了夏季航次的调查，利用春、夏季东海赤潮高发区的调查数据，系统分析比较了其营养盐结构和分布特征，并初步探讨了夏季爆发的中肋骨条藻赤潮与营养盐的关系。与2002年春季相比，2002年夏季调查海区中SiO3-Si、PO4-P、NH4-N、DON和PN平均浓度比春季有所增加，而NO3-N、NO2-N、DOP和PP浓度则有所减小。夏季各种形态磷营养盐主要由PO4-P和PP组成，其中PO4-P比春季明显增加，PP略有减少，DOP显著减少；各种氦形态蓄养盐主要由DIN和DON组成，与春季相比DON比例略有增加，DIN略有减少。DIN仍以NO2-N为主并有所增加，而NH4-N比例基本不变，NO2-N有所减少。主要溶解无机态营养盐，如SiO3-Si、PO4-P和NO3-N，以及PP的平面分布整体上呈沿岸海域浓度高、外海浓度低的趋势，等值线与海岸线平行的趋势已减弱，甚至消失。NO2-N和NH4-N具有明显的水团分布特征，与春季有所不同；DON和PN与春季具有相同的斑点状分布趋势。另外，本航次调查中在11站发现中肋骨条藻赤潮，该站表层SiO3-Si浓度较高，PO4-P很低，其余溶解态氮营养盐及PP与调查海区表层平均浓度接近，PN较高。营养盐结构中11站表层颗粒态比例高于调查海区表层平均比例，溶解态比例低于后者。 |
| 关键词: 东海,赤潮高发区,营养盐,夏季 |
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| 基金项目:国家重点基础研究发展规划项目，2001CB409703和2002CB714008号；国家自然科学基金项目，40136020和40376033号；教育部科学技术研究重点项目，0l110号；山东省自然科学基金项目，L2OOOEO1号；教育部博士点基金项目，20020423006号；国家科技攻关计划资助项目，2002BA904B06号 |
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| COMPARISON IN MACRONUTRIENT DISTRIBUTIONS AND COMPOSITION FOR HIGH FREQUENCY HAB OCCURRENCE AREAS IN EAST CHINA SEA BETWEEN SUMMER AND SPRING 2002 |
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WANG Xiu-Lin, SUN Xia, HAN Xiu-Rong, ZHU Chen-Jian, ZHANG Chuan-Song, XIN Yu, SHI Xiao-Yong
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College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering，Ocean University of China
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| Abstract: |
| In recent years, the Changjiang(Yangtze)River Estuary and the Zhoushan fishery area suffered frequently from HAB (Harmful Algal Bloom)damages in China. Although in-situ investigation of this field has been strengthened every year, systemic analysis of macronutrient distributions and nutrients composition is still insufficient, which stagnated the eutrophication remediation and government regulation for HAB prevention in the area. In this 10-day summer field survey(Aug. 25th to Sept. 4th 2002), the area, between 29°00′ — 32°00′ N, 122°00′ — 123°30′E, was divided into 7 sections and 27 stations, each with 3 sampling layers(surface, middle and bottom). According to the data collected in spring (Apr. 26th to May 2nd 2002) and summer, the macronutrient distributions and compositions were compared, and the relationship between macronutrients and summer Skeletonema costatum HAB was analyzed in this paper.
In summer, the average concentrations of SiO3-Si, PO4-P, NO2-N and PP(Particle Phosphorus)in the 3 layers increased in a direction from surface to bottom; the concentrations of NO3-N, NH4-N and DON (Dissolved Organic Nitrogen)changed slightly; while concentration of PN (Particle Nitrogen)was the highest in the bottom and the lowest in the middle layer. Concentration of DOP (Dissolved Organic Phosphorus) was under the detection limit (0. 01／μmol/dm3). The dominant forms of TP(Total Phosphorus, TP = PO4-P DOP PP) of the survey area were PO4-P and PP, (63±20)% and(37±20)% respectively, the main parts of TN (Total Nitrogen, TN= DIN DON PN; DIN= NO3-N NO2-N NH4-N)was DIN and DON, (50±19)% and(39±18)% respectively; the remainder, PN, was accounted for(11±6)% only. NO3-N was the major component of DIN, occupying (66±26)% ; NH4-N and NO2N, were (23±20)% and(11±9)% respectively, add up for small proportion of DIN. For such macronutrients as SiO3-Si, PO4-P, NO3-N, and PP, their horizontal distribution was characterized by concentration decrease from inshore areas to open sea, forming one or two ligulate contour lines near the Changjiang River Estuary and the Hangzhou Bay; the distributions of NO2-N and NH4-N showed a clear watermass-intimated feature; the distributions of DON and PN were in patched pattern .
In spring, the concentration of SiO3-Si, PO4-P, DON, PN and PP showed the highest value in the bottom and the lowest in the middle layers; NO2-N concentration increased from the surface, middle to bottom layer; that of NO3-N decreased from the surface to the bottom ; NH4-N had the highest concentration in the surface and the lowest in the middle. TP were made up by 3 forms：PO4-P that was over half, and DOP and PP were relatively less in amount. DIN and DON were the main forms of TN with minor PN fraction. NO3-N was the dominant form of DIN, with small NO2-N and NH4-N proportions. The macronutrient concentrations were higher inshore than offshore and the isolines were nearly paralleled to the coastline.
Comparing the main features between summer and spring, the average concentrations of SiO3-Si, P04-P, NH4-N, DON and PN showed a significant increase compared with those in spring, while NO3-N, NO2-N, DOP and PP showed decrease trends. In the composition of TP, PO4-P was higher in summer than that in spring, DOP and PP were lower; DON was higher than that in spring, DIN was in opposite fashion, and PN was same to the spring in TN; NO3-N and NO2-N were higher and lower than correspondent one in the spring, and NH4-N was about the same in DIN.
In this survey, SiO3-Si in Skeletonema costatum bloom found at Station 1 1 was about three times the average concentration of the surface layer(ACSL), while P04-P was 0.26μmol/dm3, the lowest concentration in this survey. Conversely, PN being 19.46μmol/dm3, had the highest concentration in the surface, which was three times higher than ACSL. Other macronutrient concentrations, such as nitrate nutrients and PP, were close to the ACSL. Macronutrient constructions, percentage of that in particle states were higher than average proportions of the Surface layer (APSL), while those in dissolved states were lower than APSL. PP was the main form of TP, up to 70%, doubled the APSL. The remaining 30% of TP was PO4-P, comprising of a half APSL only. The three forms of TN, DIN, DON and PN, accounted for 41%, 28% and 31%, OF three times, a half anti equal to the APSL respectively. NO3-N was still the dominant component of DIN, at 85%, nearly one and a half times of the APSL. NO2-N accounting for only 3% and NH4-N for 12%, were both lower than the APSL.
In the next several years more surveys will be taken in this sea area, combining with in-situ culture experiments, we hope to find the relationship between eutrophication, macronutrients and the scope, scale, intensity of HAB. |
| Key words: East China Sea, High frequency HAB occurrence areas, Macronutrients |
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