| 摘要: |
| 2002年2月—2004年11月对胶州湾异养细菌和大肠菌群进行长期调查发现,胶州湾异养细菌丰度在105—106cells/ml之间,其中河口区域和近岸区域数量较高,其它区域相对较低。从季节上来看,夏季、秋季细菌丰度较高(分别为7.4×105、7.2×105cells/ml),冬季和春季丰度较低(分别为4.1×105cells/ml、5.9×105cells/ml),且在一年内呈现出一定的规律性波动。从季节尺度上看异养细菌丰度与温度呈现很好的正相关性(R=0.54)。对大肠菌群的研究表明,河口区域的大肠菌群数量显著高于其它区域,并且河口区域大肠菌群常年处于严重超标状态(最高为1.1×106cells/L,超过国家前三类水质标准的100倍)。根据大肠菌群的数量状况可以将胶州湾分为三个区域,即严重污染区、中度污染区和轻度污染区。该区域划分与通过营养盐对胶州湾区域的划分(富营养区、中度营养区、贫营养区)结果一致。 |
| 关键词: 胶州湾 异养细菌 大肠菌群 污染 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金资助项目,40376048号;中国科学院知识创新项目,KZCX3-SW-214号 |
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| DISTRIBUTION OF HETEROTROPHIC BACTERIA AND COLIFORM IN JIAOZHOU BAY AND ITS INDICATION TO POLLUTION FROM LAND |
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ZHAO San-Jun1,2, XIAO Tian3, LI Hong-Bo3, XU Jian-Hong3
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1.Key Lab of Marine Ecology & Environmental Sciences,Institute of Oceanology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Qingdao,266071;2.Graduate School,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,100039;3.Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences,Institute of Oceanology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Qingdao,266071
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| Abstract: |
| Marine heterotrophic bacteria have been recognized as critical components in oceanic biogeochemical cycles and food web dynamics. They consume dissolved organic materials (DOM) through which the dissolved materials were converted to particle organic materials (POC) and was then preyed by predator. The latter would transport carbon to the conventional food web. The process is called the secondary production.
Coliform is one of the important indicators to measure the degree of pollution by human activity in the continent. The distribution pattern and variation of heterotrophic bacteria can reflect the pollution status by human activity in Jiaozhou Bay.
In this study, heterotrophic bacteria was quantified by using epifluorescence microscopy observation, and the coliform was quantified in dilution using the most-probable-number technique. Samples were collected using Rossette into 50ml sterilized vials. Some of them were fixed by glutaraldehyde (1%, final concentration) and kept in 4°C in dark for counting heterotrophic bacteria. The analysis was taken in one week. The rest were stored at 4°C directly and incubated within 4 hours.
The heterotrophic bacterial abundance was about 105–106 cells/ml in Jiaozhou Bay. It was higher in estuary and near shore than in any other parts of the bay, and higher (about 7.0×105–9.0×105cells/ml) in summer and autumn than in winter and spring (about 3.6×105–5.0×105cells/ml). The bacterial abundance varied seasonally. A rough positive correlation existed between bacterial abundance and temperature (R=0.56).
The coliform abundance was higher in estuary than any other parts of the bay. The highest coliform abundance was found in estuary (1.1×106cells/L) which exceeded about 100 times of China’s national Grade-3 water quality standard. Every year, land-sourced effluents have seriously polluted the area with high concentration of coliform. In terms of coliform content level, the Jiaozhou Bay can be divided into three districts: heavily polluted, mildly polluted and slightly polluted zones, corresponding to the division identified in trophic levels: eutrophic, mesotrophic and oligotrophic zones, respectively. After one-year investigation, we concluded that the pollution in Jiaozhou Bay was even more serious than most people expected and the human activities have influenced the marine environment of Jiaozhou Bay deeply. |
| Key words: Jiaozhou Bay, Heterotrophic bacteria, Coliform, Pollution |
