| 摘要: |
| 2003年6月,利用模拟现场流水系统采用生物沉积法对胶州湾养殖的菲律宾蛤仔的清滤率、摄食率、吸收效率及其与蛤仔规格之间的关系进行了现场实验研究。结果表明,个体的清滤率在0.18—0.40L/h范围内,平均为0.31L/h(SD=0.068),个体清滤率和摄食率随壳长增加而增加,但吸收效率与个体大小无关。蛤仔对颗粒有机物(POM)、颗粒有机碳(POC)、颗粒有机氮(PON)及叶绿素的吸收效率不同,对叶绿素的吸收效率最高,平均为(81.8±7.9)%,对POM、POC和PON的吸收效率分别平均为(64.2±10.7)%、(55.7±9.8)%和(53.9±9.6)%。结合胶州湾蛤仔的生物量和野外调查数据,分析了春季养殖蛤仔对胶州湾初级生产力和颗粒有机碳的摄食压力及可能对整个湾的物质循环的影响。根据本文的结果估算,菲律宾蛤仔对本实验海区初级生产力和颗粒有机碳现存量的摄食压力分别为560%和90%。养殖的蛤仔通过滤食已经能够影响甚至控制养殖区的浮游植物的生长或初级生产力,甚至与整个胶州湾叶绿素α浓度的季节性变化趋势相吻合,因为胶州湾叶绿素浓度冬、夏季高,春、秋季节低,而蛤仔的生长旺季刚好在春、秋两季。 |
| 关键词: 菲律宾蛤仔 清滤率 摄食率 胶州湾 吸收效率 |
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| 基金项目:国家863计划项目,200AA2603015号;中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目,KZCX3-SW-214号;国家科技基础条件平台工作项目,2003DIB3J107号;中国科学院海洋研究所海洋生态与环境科学重点实验室资助项目,2003—2004 |
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| CLEARANCE RATE,INGESTION RATE AND ABSORPTION EFFICIENCY OF CULTIVATED CLAM RUDITAPES PHILIPPINARUM IN JIAOZHOU BAY,CHINA |
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ZHANG Ji-Hong1,2, FANG Jian-Guang1, SUN Song3, ZHAO Jun-Mei1
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1.Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute,Qingdao,266071;2.Graduate School,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,100039;3.Key Laboratory of marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences,Institute of Oceanology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Qingdao,266071
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| Abstract: |
| The clam Ruditapes philippinarum is a kind of suspension feeding bivalves, mainly cultivated in Jiaozhou Bay. As a suspension feeder with large biomass, clam Ruditapes philippinarum has great influence on the phytoplankton and primary production of the bay. We conducted a semi-in-situ experiment to measure the clearance rate (CR), ingestion rate (IR) and absorption efficiency (AE) of the cultivated clam and to evaluate the effect of the clam on the primary production and stock particle organic carbon (POC) of Jiaozhou Bay. The measurements of CR , IR and AE and the relationship of thesewith different size of the cultivated clam Ruditapes philippinarum were carried out with bio-deposition method by a flow-through system in Jiaozhou Bay. The individual clearance rates (CR) were in the range of 0.18–0.40L/h, at average of 0.31L/h (SD= 0.068). The specific clearance rate (CR per dry tissue weight) decreased with size (weight), and the relationship between the two variables can be represented as CR=0.4311W-0.6622 (R2=0.9401), where W is the dry t issue weight of clam. Ingestion rate on POM is 0.98mg/(h*ind), on Chl. α, POC and particle organic nitrogen (PON) are 1.05(SD=0.35), 76.52(SD= 19.85) and 10.75(SD=4.96)μg/(h*ind) respectively. The weight specific IR decreased with clam weight and the relationship of IR and dry tissue weight is described by IRPOM=1.1779W-0.7225(R2= 0.8849). No significant AE difference was shown with shell size, but with materials. Mean absorption efficiency of Chl. α, particle organic matter (POM), POC and PON were (81.8±7.9)%, (64.2±10.7)%、(55.7±9.8)% and (53.9±9.6)% respectively.
Based on the biomass of cultivated clam in Jiaozhou Bay and the experimental data, the clearance time of clam in the total bay was about 12days (that means that there will be 12 days for the clams filtrate through all the seawater of the bay), which is quite shorter than the water resident time (30 days). The result suggested that : 1) the cultivated density of clams is over its carrying capacity; 2) other sources of food to support the cultivated clams may exist , for instance, re-suspend sediments. According to the field survey on primary production and POC in Jiaozhou Bay and our experimental results, the grazing impact of the cultivated clam population on the primary production and the stock of POC in spring of Jiaozhou Bay were 560% and 90% respectively. Therefore, the feeding activity of the cultivated clams may greatly influence even control the phytoplankton and primary production of Jiaozhou Bay. |
| Key words: Ruditapes philippinarum, Clearance rate, Ingestion rate, Absorption efficiency, Jiaozhou Bay |
