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| 象山港人工鱼礁投放对大型底栖动物群落结构的影响 |
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廖一波,曾江宁,寿鹿,高爱根,江志兵,陈全震,严小军
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宁波大学海洋学院; 国家海洋局第二海洋研究所,国家海洋局第二海洋研究所,国家海洋局第二海洋研究所,国家海洋局第二海洋研究所,国家海洋局第二海洋研究所,国家海洋局第二海洋研究所,宁波大学海洋学院
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| 摘要: |
| 为探明人工鱼礁生境中底栖生物群落结构的组成情况, 评估人工鱼礁投放的生态修复效果,根据2006—2007年4季象山港全港区以及2010年4季人工鱼礁区和邻近区的调查资料, 对比分析了3个不同区域大型底栖动物群落的差异。共鉴定出大型底栖动物116种, 其中多毛类46种, 软体动物35种, 甲壳类18种, 棘皮动物6种, 其他类11种, 各区域大型底栖动物的主要类群均为多毛类和软体动物。大型底栖动物密度、Shannon-Wiener 多样性指数和Margalef 丰富度指数表现为邻近区＞鱼礁区＞全港区, 生物量为鱼礁区＞邻近区＞全港区。双因子方差分析结果表明: 区域间, 大型底栖动物种类数、密度、Shannon-Wiener 多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数和Margalef丰富度指数均存在显著性差异, 生物量无显著性差异; 季节间, 大型底栖动物种类数和密度存在显著性差异, 其余参数均无显著性差异。非度量多维尺度排序分析结果显示, 鱼礁区和邻近区的大型底栖动物群落相似度较高, 而与全港区的相似度较低。相似性百分比进一步揭示, 鱼礁区和邻近区大型底栖动物群落间的平均非相似性为77.19%, 不倒翁虫(Sternaspis scutata)为造成群落间差异的重要贡献物种; 鱼礁区和全港区群落间的平均非相似性高达91.34%, 不倒翁虫、薄云母蛤(Yoldia similis)、纵肋织纹螺 (Nassarius variciferus)和洼颚倍棘蛇尾(Amphioplus depressus)为重要贡献物种; 邻近区和全港区大型底栖动物群落间的平均非相似性也高达91.47%, 不倒翁虫、薄片镜蛤(Dosinia laminata)和薄云母蛤为重要贡献物种。双因素相似性分析结果表明, 人工鱼礁区、邻近区和全港区大型底栖动物群落季节间存在显著性差异, 但区域间无显著性差异。不同区域两两间检验结果表明, 人工鱼礁区和全港区的大型底栖动物群落存在显著性差异, 人工鱼礁区和邻近区以及邻近区和全港区均无显著性差异。研究结果表明, 象山港白石山群岛海域人工鱼礁的投放对大型底栖动物群落结构影响显著, 但影响范围局限于人工鱼礁区附近。 |
| 关键词: 大型底栖动物 人工鱼礁 群落结构 象山港 |
| DOI：10.11693/hyhz20130500044 |
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| 基金项目:国家重点基础研究发展计划(973 计划)资助, 2010CB428903 号; 海洋公益性行业科研专项资助, 2013418043 号; 浙江省海水养殖重点科技创新团队资助, 2010R50025-28 号; 国家海洋局第二海洋研究所科研业务专项资助, JG1312 号 |
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| IMPACT OF ARTIFICIAL REEF ON MACROBENTHIC COMMUNITY STRUCTURE IN XIANGSHAN BAY |
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LIAO Yi-Bo,ZENG Jiang-Ning,SHOU Lu,GAO Ai-Gen,JIANG Zhi-Bing,CHEN Quan-Zhen and YAN Xiao-Jun
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School of Marine Science, Ningbo University; Second Institute of Oceanography, SOA,Second Institute of Oceanography, SOA,Second Institute of Oceanography, SOA,Second Institute of Oceanography, SOA,Second Institute of Oceanography, SOA,Second Institute of Oceanography, SOA,School of Marine Science, Ningbo University
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| Abstract: |
| To understand the impact of artificial reef on benthic community composition and to evaluate the effects of ecological restoration of artificial reef, we sampled environmental and biological materials in Xiangshan Bay, Ningbo, East China. Three sampling special schemes were used, ie., entire bay area (eight stations) sampled from Nov., 2006 to Jul., 2007, and artificial reef area (five stations) and the adjacent area (three stations) from Jan. to Nov., 2010. The macrobenthic communities were analyzed in the three areas. A total of 116 taxa were identified, including 46 Polychaeta species, 35 Mollusca species, 18 Crustacea species, 6 Echinodermata species, and 11 other species. Polychaeta and Mollusca were the major macrobenthos in the three areas. The density, Shannon-Wiener diversity index, and Margalef richness index of the macrobenthos were ranked as adjacent area > artificial reef area > entire bay area, and the biomass as artificial reef area > adjacent area > entire bay area. Results of two-way ANOVA show that the density, number of species, Shannon-Wiener diversity index, Pielou evenness index, and Margalef richness index of the macrobenthos were significantly different among the three areas, with the exception of biomass. There were significant differences in the density and number of species among seasons, but other parameters. The non-metric multidimensional scaling (nMDS) ordination showed that the stations of the artificial reef area and adjacent area tended to group together apart from those of the entire bay area. In addition, analysis on similarity percentage (SIMPER) revealed that the average dissimilarity between artificial reef area and the adjacent area was 77.19%, which is mainly due to the key species Sternaspis scutata; the average dissimilarity between artificial reef area and entire bay area was 91.34%, due mainly to the key species of Sternaspis scutata, Yoldia similis, Nassarius variciferus, and Amphioplus depressus; the average dissimilarity between adjacent area and the entire bay area was 91.47%, due mainly to the key species of Sternaspis scutata, Dosinia laminate, and Yoldia similis. The global test by the two-way crossed ANOSIM showed a significant difference in macrobenthic communities among seasons. However, no significant difference was found among sampling areas. The pairwise tests showed that there was a significant difference in macrobenthic communities between artificial reef area and the entire bay area. However, there were no significant differences between adjacent area and other areas. Therefore, the artificial reefs could affect the community structure of macrobenthos. However, the area of influence on macrobenthos in artificial reefs was limited to a small area near the modules. |
| Key words: macrobenthos artificial reef community structure Xiangshan Bay |
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