| 摘要: |
| 为解决上海日益增长的用水需求, 保障淡水资源安全, 需要建设长江河口避咸蓄淡特大型水库。本文应用改进的三维长江河口盐水入侵数值模式, 采用2007和2008年10个水文站盐度资料对模式进行验证, 计算青草沙水库最长不宜取水天数。本文以径流量特枯的1978—1979年作为水文计算年, 考虑三峡工程、南水北调东线工程和沿江引排水对大通实测逐日径流量的修正, 考虑潮汐、风应力和混合等作用。根据2003年地形计算得出青草沙水库的最长连续不宜取水天数为68天, 这个水库设计的重要参数已在水库建设中采用。根据2008年地形计算得出青草沙水库的最长连续不宜取水天数为54天, 已被水库调度采用。2003年至2008年北支上段河势发生了明显变化, 导致北支盐水倒灌减弱, 因此这期间的最长不宜取水天数减少。 |
| 关键词: 长江河口 盐水入侵 青草沙水库 最长连续不宜取水天数 数值计算 |
| DOI：10.11693/hyhz201305003003 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金, 41176071号, 40976056号; 上海市科学技术委员会重大项目, 11dz1204802号 |
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ZHU Jian-Rong1, GU Yu-Liang2, WU Hui3
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1.State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University;2.State Engineering Research Center (South) of Urban Water Resources Development and Utilization;3.State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University,/i>
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| Abstract: |
| Fast city growth of megacity Shanghai that situated near the Changjiang (Yangtze) River estuary, is demanding for more fresh water supplies to ensure the city functioning and the daily life of millions of households. To cope with the problem, a large Qingcaosha Reservoir is being designed for storing fresh water from the river in Chongming Island. Therefore, we must determine the salinity-free period not suitable for taking river water. We applied an improved three dimension numerical model of saltwater intrusion, validated the model with the salinity observed in 2007 and 2008 in 10 hydrological stations, and calculated the longest continuous period not suitable for taking water. In the simulation, using extremely drought year 1978—1979 as a hydrological calculation period, we applied the data of daily river discharge observed at the Datong Station after being calibrated in consideration of the Three Gorges Dam Project, the eastern part of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project, and water in-and-out along the river, plus the effects of tide, wind, and seawater mixing. The result shows that the longest continuous period not suitable water-taking for the reservoir is 68 days in 2003 topography scenario, and 54 days in 2008. The results have been adopted as an important parameter in the reservoir design and management. As great topography changes have been taken place from 2003 to 2008 in the upper reaches of the North Branch, the period may be further shortened. |
| Key words: Changjiang River estuary saltwater intrusion Qingcaosha Reservoir the longest period not suitable for taking fresh water numerical calculation |
