| 摘要: |
| 根据2011年2、5、8、11月(I年度)和2012年2、5、8、11月(II年度)对中街山列岛海洋保护区4个采样带的定置刺网调查数据, 结合多样性、相对资源丰度、相对重要性指数、更替和迁移指数, 对该保护区的鱼类组成、多样性特征和群落稳定性进行了分析。各季节调查共采集鱼类58种, 隶属8目31科48属, 其中, 鲈形目鱼类26种, 占44.8%。保护区鱼类以暖温性和暖水性为主, 趋礁性鱼类占所有种类的79%; 底层、近底层和中上层鱼类各为21、23和14种, 其中褐菖鲉(Sebastiscus marmoratus)、皮氏叫姑鱼(Johnius belengerii)和鳀(Engraulis japonicus)分别为各水层的绝对优势种, 褐菖鲉在秋季和冬季对丰度贡献最大, 而鳀在春季和夏季对丰度贡献最大。对群落多样性和稳定性的分析显示, Margalef丰富度、Shannon-Wiener多样性和更替指数均为夏季最高, 冬季最低; Pielou均匀度呈现相反特点, 且在冬季与夏季差异极显著(P<0.01)。研究结果表明: 中街山列岛海洋保护区鱼类生物量受温度影响较大, 鱼类群落组成格局主要受季节变化影响, 过度捕捞导致了岛礁生境鱼类多样性下降, 因此, 需加快海洋牧场建设和加强岛礁生境的管理工作。 |
| 关键词: 中街山列岛 岛礁生境 多样性 优势种 更替指数 迁移指数 |
| DOI：10.11693/hyhz20130800114 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:海洋公益性行业科研专项经费项目, 200905019 号, 201005013 号; 公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费项目, 201003068 号,201303047 号; 浙江省海洋经济和渔业新兴产业补助项目, 浙海渔计[2012]146 号。 |
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| SEASONAL VARIATIONS OF FISH RESOURCES AND COMMUNITY DIVERSITY OF REEF HABITAT IN MARINE PROTECTED AREA OF ZHONGJIESHAN ISLANDS |
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LIANG Jun,WANG Wei-ding,YU Bao-cun and ZHANG Hong-liang
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Marine Fisheries Research Institute of Zhejiang Province,Marine Fisheries Research Institute of Zhejiang Province,Marine Fisheries Research Institute of Zhejiang Province,Marine Fisheries Research Institute of Zhejiang Province
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| Abstract: |
| We conducted this research on fishery resource in the Marine Protected Area (MPA) of Zhongjieshan Islands located in the central area of the Zhoushan fishing ground, Zhejiang, a well-known “fish warehouse” in the East China Sea, setting four sampling zones in reef habitat and gillnet every three month from February 2011 to November 2012. The fish composition, diversity characteristic and community stability in the MPA were studied using indices including Margalef’s species richness index, Shannon-Wiener’s species diversity index, Pielou’s species evenness index, relative resource abundance, Pinkas’s IRI as well as alternation and migration index. In this project, 58 fish species, 8 orders, 31 families, and 48 genera were recognized. Order Perciformes was the dominant for having 26 species, accounting 44.8% of the total species. Specifically, warm temperate species and warm water species were the main members; 79% of total individuals were reef species; and 21 were demersal species, 23 meso-demersal species, and 14 pelagic species. In addition, dominant species in each habitat layer was examined: Sebastiscus marmoratus was the most abundant demersal fish; and Johnius belengerii was the most dominant meso-demersal fish. Engraulis japonicus dominated the surface waters. S. marmoratus made great contribution to relative abundance (RA) in autumn and winter, while E. japonicas in spring and summer. The highest and lowest of Margalef’s species richness index, Shannon-Wiener’s species diversity index and alternation Index (AI) were in summer and winter, but the Pielou’s species evenness index showed the opposite characteristics, and the evenness index in winter was significantly different from that in summer (P<0.01). The fish biomass in the MPA was significantly influenced by temperature, while the fish community composition pattern by seasonal variations. Overfishing was considered responsible to the decline in fish diversity of reef habitat. Therefore, development and management for marine ranching in reef habitat shall be enforced. |
| Key words: Zhongjieshan Islands reef habitat diversity dominant species alternation index migration index |
