| 摘要: |
| 于2013 年8、10 月及2014 年2、5 月对大鹏澳牡蛎养殖区及其邻近海域进行了采样调查。利用设置的3 个站位(牡蛎养殖区S1、养殖区外S2、靠近湾口S3)的数据研究了牡蛎养殖对海区浮游植物种群结构和丰度的影响。本次考察共鉴定出大鹏澳浮游植物58 属144 种, 丰度为6.15×103—5.94×106cells/L。其中, 硅藻36 属100 种, 占种类总数的69.4%, 丰度在4.5×103—5.93×106cells/L 之间; 甲藻15 属34 种, 占总种类的23.6%, 丰度范围为1.5×102—4.53×104 cells/L; 蓝藻、绿藻、隐藻等共7 属10 种。在牡蛎养殖期(8 月至2 月), 养殖区内养殖水层浮游植物总丰度低于非养殖区, 硅藻丰度占浮游植物总丰度的90%以上, 硅藻丰度与总浮游植物细胞丰度的空间分布特征一致; 与硅藻空间分布特点不同, 养殖区内甲藻丰度显著低于非养殖区。牡蛎收获后的5 月, 养殖区内的甲藻丰度高于非养殖区。牡蛎养殖区站位S1 浮游植物多样性指数平均值为1.35, 明显低于非养殖区S2(2.68)和S3(2.69)。与此相似, 养殖区内站位S1 均匀度J(0.27)明显低于非养殖区站位S2(0.49)和S3(0.51)。本研究表明, 大鹏澳牡蛎养殖对浮游植物群落结构造成了一定影响, 能够显著降低浮游植物丰度、种类多样性和均匀度。 |
| 关键词: 大鹏澳 浮游植物 水产养殖 牡蛎 种群结构 |
| DOI：10.11693/hyhz20150100006 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:海洋公益性行业科研专项经费项目, 201305010 号; 黄海水产研究所级基本科研业务费项目, 20603022015002 号; 农业部南海渔业资源开发利用重点实验室开放基金项目, LSF2014-04 号。 |
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| IMPACT OF OYSTER AQUACULTURE ON PHYTOPLANKTON POPULATION STRUCTURE IN DAPENG COVE |
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ZHANG Ling1, LI Zheng-Ju1, CHENG Fei-Yu1, JIANG Tao1,2, LÜ Song-Hui1, JIANG Tan-Jiu1
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1.Research center for Harmful Algae and Marine Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China;2.Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Fisheries Science Academy, Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao 266071, China
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| Abstract: |
| We studied the spatial and temporal distribution of phytoplankton in Dapeng Cove, Guangdong, South China, based on the data collected at three stations (oyster aquaculture area S1, outside of oyster aquaculture area, S2 and the bay mouth area S3) in August and October 2013, and February and May 2014. In total, 58 genera and 144 species of phytoplankton were identified, including 36 genera and 100 species of diatoms for taking 69.4% of all species in number, 15 genera and 34 Pyrrophyta species taking about 23.6%; and the rest 7 genera 10 species were Cyanobacteria, Chlorophyta, and Cryptophyta. There were no distinct differences of species between oyster farming area S1 and non-aquaculture areas (S2 and S3) in Dapeng Cove. In oyster dropping seedling period (August) and early growth period (October and February), the total abundance of phytoplankton in the aquaculture area was significantly lower than that of non-aquaculture areas. While in the harvest period (May), the aquaculture area has higher total phytoplankton abundance. The phytoplankton abundance depended on diatoms abundance, which account for more than 90% of the total abundance of phytoplankton. Therefore, spatial distributions of the diatom and the total phytoplankton abundance were the same in different seasons. The dinoflagellate abundance of S1 station, which was significantly lower than those of S2 and S3 stations in all the months except for May. The diversity index H' of phytoplankton in oyster aquaculture station (S1) was 1.35, which was significantly lower than that of non-aquaculture areas (S2 and S3). Similar to H', the evenness J of S1 was clearly lower than those of S2 and S3. In general, oyster culture in Dapeng Cove can reduce significantly the phytoplankton abundance, species diversity, and evenness, with a certain impact on marine ecosystem. |
| Key words: Dapeng Cove phytoplankton aquaculture oysters population structure |
