| 摘要: |
| 红纤维虾海藻作为海洋沉水高等植物具有重要的生态与渔业价值。该物种目前已经处于濒 危状态, 且研究资料十分匮乏。本研究通过实地生境调查, 对其进行了形态学与解剖学研究, 并在此 基础上对其海洋环境的结构适应性进行了较为深入的探讨。研究结果表明: 红纤维虾海藻须根末端 膨大并密生根毛, 有利于增强植株的抓附能力和吸收能力; 表皮细胞细胞壁具有类似栓化细胞初生 壁性质的六面加厚现象, 与外部多层皮层厚角组织形成机械组织区, 叶鞘内侧含有丰富的机械组织, 使结构的抗性加强, 能承受较强的海流冲击; 雄花序中无退化雌蕊, 雌花序兼具雌蕊和退化的雄蕊, 花序轴两侧着生数枚桨状小苞片, 花粉丝状, 利于授粉, 传粉方式为水媒和半水媒传粉; 小坚果密 生倒向长鬃毛, 便于果实在海流中固着锚定。该研究弥补了目前对海洋沉水高等植物适应性进化特 征理解的不足, 也为该物种在生态修复中的应用提供了科学依据。 |
| 关键词: 红纤维虾海藻 形态结构 海洋环境 适应性 大叶藻科 |
| DOI：10.11693/hyhz20150100021 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:山东大学自主创新基金资助项目, 2012ZRXT004 号; 威海市科技攻关项目, 2009-3-78 号。 |
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| MORPHOLOGY AND ANATOMY OF PHYLLOSPADIX IWATENSIS MAKINO AND THEIR ADAPTATION TO MARINE ENVIRONMENT |
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CAO Zheng-Fei, ZHANG Wei, ZHAO Hong
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Marine College, Shandong University at Weihai, Weihai 264209, China
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| Abstract: |
| As one of the marine submerged higher plants, Phyllospadix iwatensis Makino has an important value of ecology and fisheries. Although this species is now in an endangered state, the fundamental research remains very scarce. We studied the plant comprehensively in morphology and anatomy in microscopy and explored their adaptation to marine environment. The results show that, the root end is inflated and covered with dense root hairs, which is conducive to to attach and absorb nutriment; its epidermal cells wall are six-side thickened like a primary cell wall, along with multilayers collenchyma of the outside cortex for forming a mechanical tissue area; leaf sheath contained rich mechanical tissues in its inner side for strengthening the resistance to a strong current. The male inflorescence without pistillode, while the female ones have both pistils and staminodes, with a number of paddle-like retinacules on both side of inflorescence axis. The pollens are filamentous to contribute to the pollination, and are transported in a mixed mode of hydrophilous pollination and submarine pollination. The nutlet densely bears retrospective long bristles very useful to hold the fruit to a rocky substrate in strong turbulence. These features show the adaptive abilities of the marine submerged high plants, which helps us on ecological remediation with P. iwatensis. |
| Key words: Phyllospadix iwatensis structures of morphology and anatomy marine environment adaptation Zosteraceae |
