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| 许氏平鲉(Sebastes schlegelii)速生选育群体的生长性能与遗传特征分析 |
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刘阳1,2, 韩慧宗2, 王腾腾2, 孙娜1,2, 张明亮2, 王斐2, 冯艳微2, 杜荣斌3, 姜海滨2
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1.上海海洋大学 水产科学国家级实验教学示范中心 上海水产养殖工程技术研究中心 海洋动物系统分类与进化上海高校重点实验室 上海 201306;2.山东省海洋资源与环境研究院 山东省海洋生态修复重点实验室 烟台 264006;3.烟台大学海洋学院 烟台 264005
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| 摘要: |
| 本研究目的为开展许氏平鲉（Sebastes schlegelii）遗传改良和优质新品系选育，选取荣成（R）和长岛（C）的野生许氏平鲉为基础群体，采用群体选育（群体内和群体间）和家系选育相结合的方法，获得R-F1、RC-F1两个群体选育群体和R-F2、RC-F2、R-F3、RC-F3四个家系选育群体。对4个选育家系的生长性能进行比较分析，并利用20对高多态性的微卫星标记对8个群体进行遗传多样性检测。结果表明：（1）群体内和群体间家系选育子3代比家系选育子2代生长速度分别提高21.59%和30.99%。4个选育家系后代的绝对增重率随着天数的增加而上升，群体内家系选育（R-F3）的生长速度、绝对增重率显著大于群体间的杂交选育系（RC-F3），杂交系未表现出生长的杂种优势。（2）20对微卫星位点在所有群体中均表现出较高多态性，8个群体的平均有效等位基因数（He）为2.9849-7.9598，平均观测杂合度（No）和期望杂合度（He）分别为0.7230-0.8405和0.6315-0.8716，平均多态信息含量（PIC）为0.6472-0.8478。经两代家系选育的R-F3和RC-F3平均等位基因数显著降低，但观测杂合度（Ho）和期望杂合度（He）均值仍达到0.7230、0.7549和0.6527、0.6315，还有维持了较高的遗传多样性水平，遗传潜力较大。Hardy-Weinberg平衡检测结果和遗传偏离指数（d）表明各群体在大约10个位点上表现出一定程度的杂合子缺失现象。群体间平均遗传分化系数（Fst）为0.1279，各群体间存在中等遗传分化程度。R与R-F1分别与RC-F3遗传距离最远（0.9959、0.9848），预测利用两组群体中生长优良个体分别进行杂交育种有可能获得杂种优势。 |
| 关键词: 许氏平鲉 群体选育 家系选育 生长性能 微卫星标记 遗传特征 |
| DOI：10.11693/hyhz20170900243 |
| 分类号:Q789;S965 |
| 基金项目:山东省科学自然基金培养基金，ZR2016CP21号；现代农业产业技术体系专项，CARS-47-Z14号；山东省重点研发计划项目，2017GHY15107号；山东省农业良种工程项目“优质抗病速生鱼类良种选育”，2014—2017；山东省农业重大应用技术创新项目“高山岛复合型生态海洋牧场构建与示范”，2017—2020。 |
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| ANALYSIS OF GROWTH PERFORMANCES AND GENETIC CHARACTERISTICS OF FAST-GROWING BREEDING POPULATIONS OF SEBASTES SCHLEGELⅡ |
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LIU Yang1,2, HANG Hui-Zong2, WANG Teng-Teng2, SUN Na1,2, ZHANG Ming-Liang2, WANG Fei2, FENG Yan-Wei2, DU Rong-Bin3, JIANG Hai-Bin2
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1.National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Universities Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Taxonomy and Evolution, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China;2.Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Restoration for Marine Ecology, Shandong Marine Resource and Environment Research Institute, Yantai 264006, China;3.School of ocean, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
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| Abstract: |
| Sebastes schlegelii is an important economic marine fish and has become one of the aquaculture fishes of cage farming and marine ranching. It is an ovoviviparous fish distributed widely in the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea. The mating mode is polyandry. Due to overfishing, wide resources and genetic diversity of S. schlegelii are depleting, calling for artificial selection and genetic improvement. In this paper, We sampled S. schlegelii from two wild populations Rongcheng (R) and Changdao (C), Shandong. In a combination of mass breeding and family breeding, two populations (R-F1, RC-F1) of mass breeding and four populations (R-F2, RC-F2, R-F3, RC-F3) of family breeding ware selected. The growth performance of the four family breeding groups was compared and in the eight groups, genetic diversity and genetic structure were analyzed with 20 high-polymorphic microsatellite DNA. The results show that the growth rate of third-generation (Within the group and between the group) was enhanced by 21.59% or 30.99% over that of the second-generation. The absolute growth rate of four populations of family breeding increased first and then decreased as the number of the day increased. The growth rate and absolute growth rate of R-F3 were higher than that of RC-F3. The heterosis was not significant in all populations. In all groups, 20 loci showed high polymorphism. The average effective number of alleles (He) was from 2.9849 to 7.9598, average observed heterozygosity (No) and expected heterozygosity (He) were 0.7230-0.8405 and 0.6315-0.8716, respectively, average polymorphism information contention (PIC) ranged 0.6472 to 0.8478. The average effective number of alleles was significantly reduced in R-F3 and RC-F3. But average observed heterozygosity and expected heterozygosity were still 0.7230, 0.7549 and 0.6527, 0.6315. Therefore, R-F3 and RC-F3remained in a high level of genetic diversity, and had a great genetic potential. By analyzing the P value and genetic deviation index (d), we revealed 10 primers existing heterozygote deficiency in all populations. The average coefficient of genetic differentiation (Fst) was 0.1279, suggesting that the differentiation was intermediate. The genetic distance between R-F1 and RC-F3and between R and RC-F3(0.9959, 0.9848) were the longest in cluster analysis. We predicted that there will be heterosis in the two groups mating pattern. |
| Key words: Sebastes schlegelii mass breeding family breeding growth performance microsatellite DNA genetic character |