| 摘要: |
| 作为高附加值水产养殖物种，仿刺参（Apostichopus japonicus）的病害和病原微生物研究受到人们关注，但对其共生菌群组成、地域性差异及与水体环境间交流等方面的研究仍十分有限。本研究收集了来自中国、日本和韩国共786例仿刺参肠道、水体和沉积物的16S rRNA基因高通量测序数据，比较细菌群落组成以探寻仿刺参肠道微生物与环境和地域之间的关系。分析结果显示，尽管仿刺参肠道、水体和沉积物中各细菌组分的比例不同，但共有菌属甚多，表明仿刺参可以从外界环境大量获取微生物。与水体和沉积物的样本类型相比，仿刺参肠道微生物多样性最低且所含菌属的种类最少，进一步提示仿刺参肠道对外界来源的微生物进行了富集和筛选，其中变形细菌门（Proteobacteria）、假单胞菌属（Pseudomonas）、嗜冷杆菌属（Psychrobacter）和利斯顿氏菌属（Listonella）的富集尤为明显。中国、日本和韩国来源的仿刺参肠道微生物Alpha多样性无显著差异，但主坐标分析将它们聚为不同的簇，且各自拥有独特的细菌门类。比较中国渤海和黄海两个海区的仿刺参肠道菌群获得了相似的结果，体现出广泛的地域性差异。基于细菌分类的功能预测发现三个国家仿刺参肠道微生物均具有发酵、化能异养和需氧化能异养功能，表明共生菌群在功能上存在共性，并可能对宿主生理产生相同的作用。本研究揭示了仿刺参肠道微生物在不同地域之间存在明显差异，并且与水体环境之间存在着密切的联系，能够为仿刺参共生微生物及其与宿主健康的相关性研究提供基础性资料，并可能在自然循环过程和渔业资源保护过程中发挥作用。 |
| 关键词: 仿刺参 肠道 海水 沉积物 微生物组 地域 |
| DOI：10.11693/hyhz20190200044 |
| 分类号:Q938 |
| 基金项目:中国科学院重点部署项目，KFZD-SW-219号；国家自然科学基金项目，41766005号；海南大学科研启动基金资助项目，KYQD（ZR）1703号。 |
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| INTESTINAL MICROBIOTA IN APOSTICHOPUS JAPONICUS: REGIONAL DIFFERENCE AND COMMON FEATURE |
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CHAI Ying-Hui1, GAO Fei2, WANG Jin-Feng3, ZHOU Wen-Li1
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1.College of Fisheries and Agriculture, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300384, China;2.College of Oceanology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China;3.Beijing Institute of Life Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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| Abstract: |
| Diseases and pathogens in Apostichopus japonicus are high concerns in the mariculture for this high economic value species. However, knowledge on the compositions and regional difference in its symbiotic microbiota, and the communication with water environment, remains very limited. In this study, we retrieved 786 high-throughput sequencing data of 16S rRNA amplicons of A. japonicus intestine, seawater, and sediment samples collected from China, Japan, and Korea, and compared them in bacterial community composition, to explore relationship between intestinal microbes and region or environment. The results show that although the proportion of bacterial component in the gut, water, and sediment were different, they shared a large number of bacterial genera, indicating that A. japonicus may take considerable microorganisms from the ambiance. Compared with those of seawater and sediment samples, the microbial diversity in A. japonicus intestine was the lowest with the fewest genus, suggesting that the microbes were selected in the intestinal microenvironment, of which genera Proteobacteria, Pseudomonas, Psychrobacter, and Listonella were particularly obvious enriched. Although the Alpha diversities of intestinal microbiota of A. japonicus from China, Japan, and Korea were not significantly different, samples are placed in different clusters in the principal coordinate analysis according to the geographical sources, of which each cluster had its specific bacterial taxa. Similar results were found when comparing the intestinal microbiota of A. japonicus from the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea of China, showing a universally regional difference. Functional prediction showed that A. japonicus intestinal microbiota from all the three countries had fermentation, heterotrophic and oxidative heterotrophic functions, indicating that the symbiotic bacteria have some core functions and may produce the same effects on host physiology. This study reveals that there are significant differences in intestinal microbiota of A. japonicus in different regions, and such microbiota has a close relationship with the water environment. These findings provide information for the study on the symbiotic microbes and their correlation with host health, which may play a role in understanding the natural circulation process and the protection of fishery resources. |
| Key words: Apostichopus japonicus intestinal tract sea water sediment microbiome geography |
