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| 长江口滴水湖大型底栖动物群落结构及其与环境因子的关系 |
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展源1,2,3, 张颖1,2,3, 郝向举4, 李娟英5, 陈丽平1,2,3, 刘其根1,2,3, 胡忠军1,2,3
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1.上海海洋大学水产科学国家级实验教学示范中心 上海 201306;2.上海海洋大学农业农村部淡水水产种质资源重点实验室 上海 201306;3.上海海洋大学农业农村部鱼类营养与环境生态研究中心 上海 201306;4.全国水产技术推广总站 北京 100125;5.上海海洋大学海洋生态与环境学院 上海 201306
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| 摘要: |
| 2009年6月-2010年5月，在滴水湖设置8个采样点调查研究了大型底栖动物群落结构特征的时空变化及其与环境因子的关系。在滴水湖共采集到25种大型底栖动物，隶属3门6纲，其中甲壳纲8种（32%）、昆虫纲6种（24%）、寡毛纲和多毛纲各4种（16%）、双壳纲2种（8%）、蛭纲1种（4%）。日本旋卷蜾蠃蜚、微小摇蚊、背蚓虫、黄色羽摇蚊为优势种。底栖动物年均密度和生物量分别为（910.5±107.64）ind./m2和（8.62±2.01）g/m2。底栖动物群落结构包括物种组成、现存量和多样性均无显著季节和空间变化。RDA分析结果表明，活性磷酸盐、叶绿素a、CODMn、pH、溶解氧是影响大型底栖动物物种分布的关键环境因子，日本旋卷蜾蠃蜚、日本大螯蜚、红裸须摇蚊和背蚓虫与溶解氧正相关，与营养盐水平和水温负相关，微小摇蚊和黄色羽摇蚊正好相反。Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和BPI生物指数水质生物学评价表明，滴水湖处于中度污染状态。 |
| 关键词: 滴水湖 底栖无脊椎动物 时空分布 环境因子 水质生物学评价 |
| DOI：10.11693/hyhz20191200285 |
| 分类号:Q178.1;Q958.1 |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目，2017YFC0506003号；上海市科学技术委员会科研计划项目，15320502000号。 |
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| ON MACROZOOBENTHIC COMMUNITY AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS IN DISHUI LAKE |
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ZHAN Yuan1,2,3, ZHANG Ying1,2,3, HAO Xiang-Ju4, LI Juan-Ying5, CHEN Li-Ping1,2,3, LIU Qi-Gen1,2,3, HU Zhong-Jun1,2,3
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1.National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Fisheries Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China;2.Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Germplasm Resources of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China;3.Research Center for Fish Nutrition and Environmental Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China;4.National Fisheries Technology Extension Center, Beijing 100125, China;5.College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
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| Abstract: |
| Macrozoobenthos were monthly sampled at 8 stations of the artificial Dishui Lake near Changjiang (Yangtze) River Estuary, in the suburb of Shanghai, China from June 2009 to May 2010. This round-shaped lake (in diameter 2.6km, total area 5.56km2, water volume 16.2 million m3, max. depth 6.2m) acts as a tourism area and plays important roles in water regulation and flood control for local water network. In recent years, the lake has been suffered from worsening eutrophication. To provide solution to the issue, spatio-temporal variations in the structural characteristics of macroinvertebrate community and the relationship to environmental factors were studied. A total of 25 macrozoobenthic species were identified belonging to 3 phyla and 4 classes, of which species of Crustacea, Insecta, Oligochaeta, Polychaeta, Bivalvia, and Hirudinea, occupied 8 (24% of the total 25 species), 6 (24%), 4 (16%), 4 (16%), 2 (8%), and 1 (4%), respectively. The macrozoobenthic community was dominated by 4 species:Corphium volutator, Microchironomus sp., Notomastus latericeus, and Chironomus plumosus. The mean density and biomass were (910.5±107.64)ind./m2 and (8.62±2.01)g/m2, respectively. No significant spatio-temporal variations in the species composition, standing crop, and diversity were observed. Redundancy analysis indicated that active phosphate, chlorophyll a, permanganate index, pH, and dissolved oxygen were the key environmental factors, which determined the spatio-temporal distribution of macrozoobenthic species composition. Grandidierella japonica, C. volutator, Propsilocerus akamusi, and N. latericeus were negatively correlated with dissolved oxygen and positively with nutrient level and water temperature. The reverse was found for the relationship between Microchironomus sp. and C. plumosus and the three above environmental factors. As indicated by the Shannon-Wiener diversity and biological pollution index (BPI), the Dishui Lake was considered moderately polluted, to which closer monitor is suggested before the situation worsens. |
| Key words: Dishui Lake benthic invertebrate spatio-temporal distribution environmental factor water quality bioassessment |
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