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| 中国温带海域新发现较大面积(大于50ha)海草床:Ⅲ渤海兴城-觉华岛海域大面积海草床鳗草种群动力学及补充机制 |
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周毅1,2,3,4, 徐少春1,5, 许帅1,5, 岳世栋1,5, 顾瑞婷1,5, 宋肖跃1,5, 张玉1,5, 乔永亮1, 刘明杰1,5, 张晓梅1,2,3,4
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1.中国科学院海洋研究所 海洋生态与环境科学重点实验室 青岛 266071;2.青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室 海洋生态与环境科学功能实验室 青岛 266237;3.中国科学院海洋大科学研究中心 青岛 266071;4.中国科学院海洋牧场工程实验室 青岛 266071;5.中国科学院大学 北京 100049
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| 摘要: |
| 鳗草（Zostera marina L.）广布于北半球温带浅海海域，其形成的鳗草床具有重要的生态价值。近些年来，我国黄渤海海域鳗草退化严重，较大面积、连续分布的海草床已经非常少见。在渤海兴城-觉华岛海域发现较大面积的海草床，可以作为渤海沿海海草床的典型代表。基于此，2018年5月、9月、11月和2019年3月对该海草床进行了初步调查，探究了渤海兴城-觉华岛海草床鳗草种群补充等生态特征，分析了海草床生境的主要威胁，并提出了对海草床进行有效保护和科学管理的相关建议。结果表明：渤海兴城-觉华岛海草床总面积为791.61ha，海草种类为鳗草和日本鳗草（Z.japonica），以鳗草为优势种，日本鳗草极少且呈斑块状分布；鳗草生物量在2018年5月达到最大值（1241.22—1632.64g/m2）；鳗草叶片碳、氮、磷元素含量分别为35.35%—36.57%、1.89%—3.35%、0.14%—0.48%；鳗草海草床以无性繁殖为主要补充方式，有性繁殖补充比例平均仅为1.92%，明显低于国内其他鳗草草床，具有鲜明的独特性；该海草床主要受围填海、捕蛤、围网捕鱼等人类活动的严重影响，并致使海草床边缘区域呈现斑块化趋势。建议对这片珍贵的海草床加以保护和修复。 |
| 关键词: 鳗草 渤海 种群生态特征 种群补充 |
| DOI：10.11693/hyhz20200100032 |
| 分类号:Q948.885.3 |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划“蓝色粮仓科技创新”重点专项，2019YFD0901301号；国家科技基础性工作专项，2015FY110600号；中国科学院前沿科学重点研究项目，QYZDB-SSW-DQC041-1号。 |
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| NEW DISCOVERY OF LARGER SEAGRASS BEDS WITH AREAS >50ha IN TEMPERATE WATERS OF CHINA: Ⅲ POPULATION DYNAMICS AND RECRUITMENT MECHANISM OF ZOSTERA MARINA IN THE XINGCHENG-JUEHUADAO COASTAL WATERS OF BOHAI SEA |
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ZHOU Yi1,2,3,4, XU Shao-Chun1,5, XU Shuai1,5, YUE Shi-Dong1,5, GU Rui-Ting1,5, SONG Xiao-Yue1,5, ZHANG Yu1,5, QIAO Yong-Liang1, LIU Ming-Jie1,5, ZHANG Xiao-Mei1,2,3,4
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1.CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China;2.Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China;3.Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China;4.CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China;5.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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| Abstract: |
| The eelgrass Zostera marina L. is a dominant seagrass species circumglobally distributed in temperate coastal environments in the North Hemisphere, and eelgrass beds have an important ecological value. In recent years, it has been found that eelgrass beds in China have declined rapidly, and large and continuous seagrass beds became very rare. A large area of seagrass was recently found in the Xingcheng-Juehuadao coastal waters of Bohai Sea, and thus was used as a representative seagrass bed in Bohai Sea. Surveys were conducted on the seagrass bed in May, September, November, and March 2019, and the ecological characteristics, including population recruitment of Z. marina population, were explored. The threats to the seagrass bed were analyzed and recommendations for effective protection and scientific management were proposed. The results show that the total area of the seagrass bed was 791.61ha, in which eelgrass was the dominant species and Z. japonica distributed rare and patchy. The eelgrass biomass reached its maximum in May 2018 (1241.22-1632.64g/m2); the contents of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus for eelgrass leaves were 35.35%-36.57%, 1.89%-3.35%, and 0.14%-0.48%, respectively; the recruitment of eelgrass bed was mainly by asexual reproduction. The average contribution of sexual reproduction recruitment was only 1.92%, which is significantly lower than those of other domestic eelgrass beds. The impact of human activities, including local reclamation, fishing, and clam harvesting, have disrupted the seagrass bed into patchy distribution. Therefore, protection and restoration of this precious seagrass bed habitat is strongly recommended. |
| Key words: Zostera marina Bohai Sea ecological characteristics of population population recruitment |
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