| 摘要: |
| 为探究烟台近岸人工鱼礁区的底层渔业群落与自然岩礁区的差异，本研究于2018年5月—2019年2月在位于山东烟台近岸的养马岛自然岩礁区、牟平人工鱼礁区及毗邻泥沙区开展4个季度的渔业调查。调查共发现渔业生物15目37科53种，自然岩礁区与人工鱼礁区的平均物种数的差异不显著，但均明显高于泥沙区（Kruskal-Wallis test，P<0.05）。两礁石区的CPUE （catch per unit effort）在各季节均显著高于泥沙区（ANOVA，P<0.05），春、夏季自然岩礁的CPUE显著高于人工鱼礁（ANOVA，P<0.05）。三个区域的优势种存在一定相似性，但各优势种的CPUE呈现出明显的区域差异，尤其对于许氏平鲉及大泷六线鱼，人工鱼礁的生境优势高于其他两个区域。多样性分析结果显示，自然岩礁区的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数H'最高，其次为人工鱼礁区和泥沙区。自然岩礁与人工鱼礁区Magalef丰富度指数D的差异不显著，但都明显高于泥沙区（ANOVA，P<0.05）。ANOSIM分析表明三个海区的群落组成在各季节均存在显著差异（P<0.05），主要原因是优势种资源量和分布存在明显的区域差异，这也反映了优势种对群落结构的塑造作用。RDA分析发现，温度、溶氧及水深依次为影响群落结构的主控环境因子，可解释部分群落结构的异质性。本研究证实人工鱼礁可以有效提高以岩礁性鱼类为主的渔业资源量，然而其群落结构复杂度、生物多样性水平与相对成熟的自然岩礁区仍存在一定差距，未来其能否取代或超越自然岩礁的功能，仍需要长时间的积累和观测。 |
| 关键词: 人工鱼礁 自然岩礁 生物多样性 群落结构 环境因子 |
| DOI：10.11693/hyhz20201000296 |
| 分类号:P735;Q958.1;S931 |
| 基金项目:中国科学院战略性先导科技专项（A类），XDA23050303号；国家自然科学基金项目，41806150号；中国科学院科技服务网络计划，KFJ-STS-ZDTP-077号。 |
|
| CHARACTERISTICS OF BENTHIC FISHERY COMMUNITY AT NATURAL REEFS AND ARTIFICIAL REEFS LOCATED IN YANTAI OFFSHORE AREA |
|
ZHANG Rong-Liang1,2, LIU Hui1, SUN Dong-Yang3, HOU Chao-Wei4, ZHAO Jian-Min1,4
|
|
1.Research and Development Center for Efficient Utilization of Coastal Bioresources, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China;2.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;3.Yantai University, Yantai 264003, China;4.Muping Coastal Environment Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264100, China
|
| Abstract: |
| To ascertain potential differences in demersal fishery community structure between an aged artificial and a natural reef, four seasonal investigations based on netting gear and environmental factors were undertaken in the natural reef, the artificial reef, and adjacent sand bottom area in the offshore waters of Yantai, China, from August 2018 to February 2019. A total of 53 species were identified and collected, including 15 orders and 37 families. The species richness on seasonal average at the natural reefs area did not differ from that at the artificial reef, and both presented higher species numbers than the sand bottom area significantly (Kruskal-Wallis test, P<0.05). CPUE (catch per unit effort) were much higher at two reef areas than at the sand bottom area in each season (ANOVA, P<0.05), while the natural reef displayed greater CPUE value than that of the artificial reef in only spring and summer (ANOVA, P<0.05). To some extents, no overlap in dominate species composition among the three areas was shown, but the CPUE of each dominate species varied in the three areas. Reef fish Hexagrammos otakii and Sebastes schlegelii occupied the artificial reef with an apparent advantage over the natural reef and the sand bottom area in terms of CPUE. Biodiversity indices of bio-diversity, Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H') displayed an order of:the natural reef>the artificial reef>the sand bottom area. No significant difference in Magalef species richness index (D) was detected between the two reef areas; and the sand bottom area exhibited a relatively lower D value. ANOSIM results show notably disparities in the community structures among the three areas due mainly to the differences in abundance and distribution of dominate species among the three areas, reflecting the roles of dominate species in structuring communities. Therefore, the artificial reef could increase the local demersal fishery yields, especially for reef fishes. However, the artificial reef had simpler community structure and less biodiversity than those of the natural reef. It will be a future issue whether artificial reefing can function as good as a natural one, to which long-term observation and investigation will be conducted. |
| Key words: the artificial reef the natural reef biodiversity community structure environmental factors |
