| 摘要: |
| 微塑料是近年来广受关注的持久性污染物之一,对海洋生态系统有着不可忽视的潜在危害。河口三角洲作为典型的滨海盐沼湿地,属生态敏感地带,是海洋和陆地两大生态系统的交错地带。选取黄河三角洲潮上带和潮间带盐沼裸斑、翅碱蓬、柽柳、芦苇和潮沟五种典型生境开展土壤微塑料进行采样调查并分析其分布规律。结果表明,黄河三角洲潮上带及潮间带土壤中塑料的整体丰度范围在7~147个/kg,相比世界范围内其他滨海地区属于中等水平,其中翅碱蓬区是微塑料平均丰度最高的区域。整体而言,在各材质中,聚乙烯材质微塑料的检出比例最大,达29.53%;而在各形状中,碎片状微塑料占比最大,达38.88%,其次是颗粒状微塑料,占比37.09%,二者比例接近,为研究区微塑料的主要形态。潮汐作用对微塑料的分布有重要影响,微塑料在距离海岸较近的样点丰度较低,而在高潮线附近明显聚集,同时在植被覆盖区微塑料丰度也明显升高。黄河三角洲国家级自然保护区内人类活动强度较低,但仍面临着来自原位风化降解、潮汐风力搬运等多种潜在来源的微塑料污染。综上,对河口湿地微塑料污染的治理与防护,对于维持区域生态系统稳定与健康具有重要意义。 |
| 关键词: 微塑料污染 沉积物 黄河三角洲 盐沼湿地 生境栖息地 |
| DOI：10.11693/hyhz20211100298 |
| 分类号:X1 |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金委杰出青年基金,52025092号。 |
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| OCCURRENCE AND DISTRIBUTION OF MICROPLASTICS IN DIFFERENT HABITATS IN SUPRATIDAL INTERTIDAL ZONE OF HUANGHE RIVER DELTA |
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SONG Jie, YI Yu-Jun, ZHOU Yang, GAO Yan-Ning
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Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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| Abstract: |
| Microplastics have become one of the most concerned persistent pollutant in marine water for potential harm to the ecosystems. The Huanghe (Yellow) River delta is a typical coastal salt marsh wetland, and an ecologically sensitive and transitional zone between land and ocean. To understand the distribution and the influencing factors of microplastics in the area, five typical salt marsh habitats were investigated: bare flats, suaeda, suaeda-tamarix, reeds, and tidal creek. Results show that the overall concentration of microplastics in the study area ranged from 7 to 147 pieces/kg, and that the suaeda area had the highest average concentration. The largest proportion of microplastics materials was polyethylene (29.53%), and the most common shapes were microplastic fragments (38.88%), followed by granular microplastics (37.09%). The tidal conditions had significant influence on the distribution of microplastics. The concentration of microplastics was the lowest in the near-coast side, and the highest near the high tide line in vegetation-covered areas. Although the Huanghe River Delta National Nature Reserve was under low impact of human activities, microplastic pollution from various sources from local weathering, erosion, and tidal and wind transport cannot be ignored. This study provided a reference for the control of microplastic pollution in estuarine wetlands and maintenance of the stability and health of regional ecosystem. |
| Key words: microplastic pollution sediment Huanghe River delta salt marsh wetland habitat |
