| 摘要: |
| 西北航道是指从北大西洋经加拿大北极群岛进入北冰洋, 再进入太平洋的航道, 是连接大西洋和太平洋的捷径。为了探讨西北航道通航期极端天气条件下强风及海冰对波浪场的影响机制, 建立并验证了考虑海冰影响下的西北航道风浪演化模型, 并以2012年8月北极气旋登陆期间为例探讨西北航道通航期波浪特性及波能流密度的时空演化及其对风和海冰的响应。研究结果表明, 北极夏季海冰大多分布于西北航道以北海域, 而风向大部分集中在SSW (南偏西22.5°)至SW (南偏西45°), 西北航道海冰的存在并不会引起有效风区的明显减少, 也不会引起无冰海域波能流的明显减小(不超过5%)。但是, 当风向变为北向风时, 无冰海域波能流减小幅度最多高达62%。最后, 综合海冰和波浪要素的时空分布, 提出了极端天气条件下西北航道通航期的最佳适航路线, 为西北航道的夏季安全通航提供了科学依据。 |
| 关键词: 海冰北极气旋 波能流密度 适航路线 |
| DOI：10.11693/hyhz20220800224 |
| 分类号:P731.22 |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目,51509177号,42176208号；国家重点研发计划,2021YFC2801000号；自然资源部海洋环境信息保障技术重点实验室开放基金。 |
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| IMPACT OF SEA ICE ON WAVES DURING THE LANDFALL OF SUMMER CYCLONE IN THE NORTHWEST PASSAGE |
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ZHANG Na1,2, YU Xin1,2, Wu Xin-Rong3, YOU Zai-Jin4, WANG An-Liang5, JIA Yu-Peng1,2
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1.Tianjin Key Laboratory of Soft Soil Characteristics &2.Engineering Environment, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China;3.National Marine Data and Information Service, Tianjin 300171, China;4.Centre for Ports and Maritime Safety, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China;5.National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center, Beijing 100081, China
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| Abstract: |
| The Northwest Passage is a shortcut connecting the Atlantic Ocean and the Pacific Ocean from the North Atlantic Ocean to the Arctic Ocean through the Canadian Arctic islands, and then to the Pacific Ocean. To explore the influence mechanism of strong wind and sea ice on waves during the navigation period of the Northwest Passage under extreme weather conditions, a wind wave evolution model of the Northwest Passage including the influence of sea ice is established and verified. Taking the Arctic cyclone landing period in August 2012 as an example, the temporal and spatial evolution of wave characteristics and wave energy flux during the navigation period of the Northwest Passage and its response to wind and sea ice are discussed. Simulation results show that since the sea ice of the Arctic in summer is mostly distributed in the north of the Northwest Passage, and the wind direction is mostly concentrated in SSW~SW. Therefore, the existence of sea ice will not cause the significant reduction of the effective wind area, nor will it cause the significant reduction of the waves in the ice free sea area (no more than 5%). However, when the wind direction changes to northward, the wave energy flux in ice-free waters is reduced by up to 62%. Finally, based on the temporal and spatial distribution of sea ice and wave elements, the optimal navigable route of the Northwest Passage in the navigation period under extreme weather conditions is proposed, which provides a scientific basis for the safe navigation of the Northwest Passage in summer. |
| Key words: Northwest Passage sea ice Arctic cyclones wave energy flux optimal navigable route |
