| 摘要: |
| 红螯螯虾(Cherax quadricarinatus)又名澳洲淡水龙虾,属于名贵的淡水经济虾类,对环境条件耐受性强,出肉率明显高于其他品种。分别对4种体重规格红螯螯虾肌肉营养组成和表型性状进行系统性分析,采用国标法测定肌肉粗蛋白、粗脂肪及粗灰分含量,采用氨基酸分析仪测定肌肉氨基酸含量及组成,采用气相色谱法测定肌肉脂肪酸组成。结果表明,红螯螯虾全长和体长显著增加(20~80 g组),雌虾全长和体长显著高于雄虾(60~80 g组);头胸甲长和头胸甲宽以80~100 g组雄虾最大,在60~80 g组中雌虾显著高于雄虾,头胸甲高在规格60 g以上不再有显著变化;腹部肌肉重以80~100 g组雄虾最大,但与60~80 g组雌虾无显著性差异,各组雌虾出肉率显著高于雄虾(P<0.05)。肌肉粗脂肪含量以80~100 g组雄虾最高,40~60 g组雄虾最低(P<0.05);肌肉灰分含量小规格20~40 g组较高,40~60 g组雌虾最低。红螯螯虾肌肉氨基酸(AA)、总氨基酸(TAA)、必需氨基酸(EAA)和呈味氨基酸(DAA)均随规格变大而逐渐降低;在氨基酸评分(AAS)模式下,各组第一限制性氨基酸为缬氨酸(Val),第二限制性氨基酸为甲硫氨酸+胱氨酸(Met+Cys);在化学评分(CS)模式下,各组第一限制性氨基酸为Met+Cys,第二限制性氨基酸为Val;随红螯螯虾规格逐渐增大,各组必需氨基酸指数(EAAI)呈现先升高后显著降低的趋势(P<0.05)。肌肉多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)含量40~60 g组最高(P<0.05),EPA含量及EPA+DHA含量在20~40 g组最高,DHA含量在60~80 g组雄虾最高(P<0.05)。综上,相同规格下雌虾腹部指标明显优于雄虾,故雌虾有较高的出肉率,而雄虾第二步足长则明显大于雌虾;40~60 g组雄虾肌肉EAAI最高,40~60 g组肌肉PUFA含量最高,故红螯螯虾在规格40~60 g之间肌肉品质最好。 |
| 关键词: 红螯螯虾(Cherax quadricarinatus) 不同规格 表型性状 肌肉 营养组成 |
| DOI：10.11693/hyhz20220800220 |
| 分类号:S966.12; Q956; Q789 |
| 基金项目:湖州市乡村振兴专项,2019ZD2028号；国家重点研发计划“蓝色粮仓科技创新”项目,2018YFD0901305号 |
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| ANALYSIS ON PHENOTYPIC TRAITS AND MUSCLE NUTRITIONAL COMPOSITION OF CHERAX QUADRICARINATUS IN DIFFERENT SPECIFICATIONS |
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SUN Li-Hui, LI Qian, JIANG Jian-Hu, CHEN Jian-Ming, GAO Ling-Mei, GUO Jian-Lin
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Key Laboratory of Healthy Freshwater Aquaculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Fish Health and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Huzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Quality Improvement and Processing Technology, Zhejiang Institute of Freshwater Fisheries, Huzhou 313001, China
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| Abstract: |
| To explore the changes of phenotypic traits and muscle nutritional composition of Australian freshwater crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus in different specifications, four male groups and three female groups were analyzed systematically. Results show that the total length and body length increased significantly (P<0.05) with the increase in body weight from 20 g to 80 g. In 60~80 g group, the total length and body length of female crayfish were significantly higher than those of male crayfish (P<0.05). The carapace length and width of male crayfish in 80~100 g group were the largest (P<0.05), those of female crayfish in 60~80 g group were significantly higher than those of male crayfish (P>0.05). The abdominal muscle weight of male crayfish in 80~100 g group was the largest (P<0.05), the muscle yield of female crayfish in each group was significantly higher than that of male crayfish (P<0.05). Muscle crude lipid content in 80~100 g group was the highest, and that in 40~60 g group was the lowest (P<0.05). Muscle ash content in 40~60 g group was the lowest (P<0.05). Each amino acids, total amino acids, essential amino acids, and delicious amino acids content of muscle decreased gradually with the increase of the body weight (P<0.05). In AAS mode, the first limiting amino acid in each group was valine, and the second limiting amino acid was Met+Cys. In CS mode, the first limiting amino acid is Met+Cys, and the second limiting amino acid was valine. EAAI of male crayfish in 40~60 g was the highest (P<0.05). Muscle PUFA content in 40~60 g group was the highest (P<0.05), muscle EPA and EPA+DHA content in 20~40 g group were the highest (P<0.05), and muscle DHA content in 60~80 g group was the highest (P<0.05). In conclusion, in the phenotypic traits, the abdominal indexes of female crayfish in the same body weight are significantly higher than those of male crayfish, thus female crayfish has a higher muscle yield, while the length of second leg of male crayfish is significantly longer than that of female crayfish. Muscle EAAI of male crayfish in 40~60 g group is highest, and muscle PUFA content in 40~60 g group is the highest. Therefore, the muscle quality of Australian freshwater crayfish is the best between 40~60 g. |
| Key words: Cherax quadricarinatus different specifications phenotypic traits muscle nutritional composition |
