| 摘要: |
| 水产养殖动物的生存策略往往会因养殖模式的变更而发生改变, 并导致其养成品体色、肌肉品质和脏器生理特征等均出现一定程度的差异。以池塘生态主养模式(M1)和池塘生态套养模式(M2)下养殖7个月的异育银鲫夏花苗种为研究对象, 以体表色差、背肌物性、全鱼营养成分和排氨率、耗氧率、窒息点以及脏器消化酶和抗氧化酶活力为测定指标, 较系统开展了两者间养成品质及脏器相关生理特征的差异研究。结果表明: (1) 两者间在体表色差上具较好的区分度, 其中M2实验个体的体色更接近于池底背景色, 具更好的拟境隐蔽性; (2) 在所测7项背肌物性指标中, 两者间具有显著差异的为硬度、弹性、胶黏性和耐咀性, 且均呈M1>M2 (P<0.05); (3) 全鱼一般营养成分中, 除灰分和粗蛋白含量均呈M1≈M2 (P>0.05)外, 水分和粗脂肪含量分别呈M1>M2 (P<0.05)和M2>M1 (P<0.05); (4) 在所测17种氨基酸中, 在含量上具显著差异的仅为组氨酸, 呈M1>M2 (P<0.05), 在各类氨基酸含量上具显著差异的仅为∑SEAA、∑NEAA和∑FAA, 且均呈M1>M2 (P<0.05); (5) 共检到4种饱和脂肪酸、5种单不饱和脂肪酸和10种多不饱和脂肪酸, 其中ΣSFA和ΣMUFA均呈M1<M2 (P<0.05), 而ΣPUFA则呈M1>M2 (P<0.05); (6) M1、M2实验个体在夜均、昼均、日均耗氧率和排氨率上均无组间差异(P>0.05),昼夜耗氧节律也均呈昼均>日均>夜均(P<0.05), 两者的窒息点水中氧含量呈M1>M2 (P<0.05),昼夜排氨节律分别呈昼均≈夜均≈日均(P>0.05)和昼均>日均>夜均(P<0.05); (7) 胃蛋白酶和肝脂肪酶活力均呈M1≈M2 (P>0.05),肠淀粉酶活力则呈M1<M2 (P<0.05), 除肝脏CAT、POD呈M1<M2 (P<0.05)外, 组间心、鳃抗氧化酶(SOD、POD、CAT)以及肝脏SOD酶活力均呈M1≈M2 (P>0.05)。研究结果可为我国异育银鲫养成品质鉴定系统的构建以及生态高值养成技术研究与开发提供基础资料。 |
| 关键词: 养殖模式 异育银鲫 体表色差 背肌质构 营养成分组成 生理特征 |
| DOI：10.11693/hyhz20221200341 |
| 分类号:Q953; S96 |
| 基金项目:国家星火计划项目, 2013GA701022号; 中央财政重大农业技术推广项目, YY2017003号; 慈溪市农业科技重点项目, CN201901号; 宁波市重大科技任务攻关项目, 2022Z183号。 |
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| DIFFERENCES OF QUALITY AND VISCERAL-RELATED PHYSIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CARASSIUS AURATUS GIBELIO IN TWO POND AQUACULTURE MODES |
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LI You-Zhi1, RONG Hua-Nan1,2, CHEN Yu1, SHENTU Ji-Kang3, WANG Zhi-Zheng1
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1.Fisheries College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China;2.Cixi Fisheries Technology Extension Center, Cixi 315300, China;3.Ningbo Ocean and Fisheries Research Institute, Ningbo 315048, China
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| Abstract: |
| The Carassius auratus gibelio larvae were cultured in common-culture pond mode (M1) and the poly-culture pond mode (M2) for 7 months. The body surface color difference, back muscle physical properties, nutrient composition and ammonia excretion rate of whole fish, oxygen consumption rate, asphyxia point, and the activities of digestive enzymes and antioxidant enzymes in organs were measured. In order to systematically study the differences in cultivation quality and visceral-related physiological characteristics between the two groups. The results showed that: (1) there was a good discrimination degree in the body surface color difference between the two groups. Among them, the body color of M2 experiment was closer to the background color at the bottom of the pond, which had better simulated environment camouflage; (2) Among the seven physical properties of the back muscles measured, the hardness, elasticity, adhesiveness and chew ability showed significant differences between the two groups (M1>M2) (P<0.05); (3) In the general nutritional composition of whole fish, the contents of ash and crude protein were M1≈ M2 (P>0.05), while the contents of water and crude fat were M1>M2 (P<0.05) and M2>M1 (P<0.05), respectively; (4) Among the 17 amino acids tested, only histidine showed significant difference in content, showing M1>M2 (P<0.05), only ∑SEAA, ∑NEAA and ∑FAA had significant differences in the contents of various amino acids, and they were M1>M2 (P<0.05); (5) A total of four saturated fatty acids, five monounsaturated fatty acids and ten polyunsaturated fatty acids were detected, among which ΣMUFA and ΣSFA showed M1<M2 (P<0.05), while ΣPUFA showed M1>M2 (P<0.05); (6) There were no significant differences in the average oxygen consumption rate and ammonia excretion rate between M1 and M2 groups during the day-time, night-time and whole day (P>0.05), the circadian rhythm of oxygen consumption also showed a day-time > whole day > night-time mean (P<0.05), the oxygen content in water at the point of asphyxia was M1>M2 (P<0.05), and the circadian rhythm of ammonia excretion was day-time ≈ night-time ≈ whole day mean (P>0.05) and day-time > whole day > night-time mean (P<0.05), respectively; (7) The activities of hepatic lipase and pepsin were M1≈ M2(P>0.05), while the activity of intestinal amylase was M1<M2(P<0.05), the activities of SOD, POD, CAT in the heart and gills and SOD in the hepatic were M1≈ M2(P>0.05), except for CAT and POD in the hepatic M1<M2(P<0.05). The results could provide basic information for the construction of quality identification system of C. auratus gibelio and the research and development of ecological high value cultivation technology in China. |
| Key words: aquaculture mode Carassius auratus gibelio body surface color difference dorsal muscle texture nutrient composition physiological characteristics |
