| 摘要: |
| 为开展黄鳍东方鲀(Fugu xanthopterus)批量全人工育苗、胚胎及仔稚幼鱼发育特征研究, 作者使用地欧酮(DOM)、促黄体释放激素类似物(LRH)及绒毛膜促性腺激素(HCG)对性成熟黄鳍东方鲀进行人工催产。结果表明黄鳍东方鲀亲鱼效应时间为39～60h, 获产率为55.0%～92.5%; 卵受精率为35.5%～84.7%, 3 年产卵7 400 g; 受精卵在海水水温17.0～23.2℃、盐度21～30、pH8.0～8.2 人工条件下孵化, 孵化率为33.6%～91.7%, 孵出仔鱼499 万尾; 2005 年、2006 年经前期培育, 共培育出黄鳍东方鲀后期仔鱼394.5 万尾, 成活率为68.2%～94.3%; 室内水泥池后期培育出平均全长2.6 cm±0.2 cm 幼鱼3100 尾, 成活率为15.5%; 池塘生态培育出平均全长3.7 cm±0.5 cm 幼鱼53.3 万尾, 成活率为11.2%～13.8%。黄鳍东方鲀受精卵为沉性黏性卵, 近椭球形, 乳白色, 卵膜厚且不透明, 卵径0.9～1.0mm,在海水水温18.2～22.2℃条件下, 3 h 分裂为2 细胞; 3 h 20 min 4 细胞; 3 h 45 min 8 细胞; 10 h 10 min 多细胞; 17 h 30 min 囊胚出现; 28 h 原肠期; 57 h 15 min 胚体形成期; 69 h 20 min 心跳出现; 130 h 50 min出膜期; 144 h 孵出仔鱼。初孵仔鱼全长2.2～2.4 mm, 体圆而粗短, 尾部细长、透明; 孵出后第20 天, 胸鳍、臀鳍、背鳍基本形成, 进入稚鱼期; 孵出后第45 天, 上下颌门齿发达, 各鳍发育完整, 小刺基本形成, 进入幼鱼期。 |
| 关键词: 黄鳍东方鲀(Fugu xanthopterus) 育苗 胚胎 仔稚幼鱼 |
| DOI：10.11.759/hykx20140901003 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:福建省海洋与渔业厅资助项目(闽海渔科0415 号) |
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| Research on artificial breeding technology and developmental characteristics of embryo and juvenile of Fugu xanthopterus |
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| Abstract: |
| In order to study the artificial breeding in large quantities and the development characteristics of the embryo and juveniles of Fugu xanthopterus, DOM, LRH and HCG were applied in matured F. xanthopterus for artificial spawning inducement. The results showed that the effective time for parents F. xanthopterus was 39～60, the spawning rate of parent fish was 55.0～92.5%, the fertility rate was 35.5%～84.7%, and the total spawning amounts in three years were 7400 g. The oosperms were spawned under the artificial conditions with water temperature of 17.0～23.2, salinity of 21～30 and pH 8.0～8.2. The hatching rate ℃ of F. xanthopterus was 33.6%～91.7% and the total number of juveniles was 4.99×106. After the prophase breeding in 2005 and 2006, those juveniles were descended to 3.945×106 and the survival rate of those juveniles was 68.2%～94.3%. In after-stage, the larvae and juveniles of F. xanthopterus were bred in cement pool, the average total-length of those juveniles was 2.6 cm±0.2 cm, the number of those juveniles was 3100 and the survival rate was 15.5%. The larvae and juveniles of F. xanthopterus were also ecologically bred in earth pool, the average total-length of those juveniles was 3.7 cm±0.5 cm, the number of those juveniles was 0.533×106 and the survival rate was 11.2%～13.8%. We found that the oosperms of F. xanthopterus were sinking, ellipsoidal, milky white, and adhesive. The membrane of oosperms was thick and opaque, and the average diameter was 0.9～1.0 mm. Those oosperms were splitted into 2 cells after 3 h, 4 cells after 3 h 20 min, 8 cells after 3 h 45 min, multiple cells after 10 h 10 min, blastula stage after 17 h 30 min, gastrula stage after 28 h, formation stage after 57 h 15 min, heart pulsation stage after 69 h 20 min, hatching-out stage after 130 h 50 min and finally the larvae of F. xanthopterus after 144 h with the water temperature of 18.2～22.2℃. The first born larva was 2.2～2.4 mm, round and stubby, slender and transparent in tail. Pectoral fin, anal fin and dorsal fin of the larva were basically formed when hatched for 20 d, and after 45 d the incisors fully developed, each fin developed completely, scale formed basically and finally developed into juvenile stage. |
| Key words: Fugu xanthopterus breeding embryo larvae and juveniles |
