| 摘要: |
| 由于滨海湿地丰富的资源和优越的环境, 人们对其进行了大规模的开发利用, 导致了滨海湿地的丧失与生态退化。滨海湿地位于陆地-海洋-大气相互作用最活跃的地带, 具有非常重要的生态意义。总结泉州湾滨海湿地水动力、地貌、生态、环境质量的特征, 分析围填海、养殖、污染物排放及人工生态工程等对滨海湿地的影响。结果表明, 随着社会经济的快速发展以及人类活动的显著增强, 泉州湾滨海湿地面积减小, 输水及输沙的路径和方式发生变化, 湿地环境质量显著下降, 生物多样性及生物量减少。为了实现泉州湾滨海湿地的可持续发展, 提出了如下对策: (1)加强围海造地的科学管理, 提倡新的围海造地方式; (2)开展海岸整治与生态修复, 建设特色湿地公园; (3)挖掘海洋文化特色, 发展生态旅游。本研究揭示高强度人类活动对滨海湿地环境的影响, 为开展滨海湿地研究、整治与修复, 为制定滨海湿地开发利用与保护对策提供科学依据。 |
| 关键词: 滨海湿地 人类活动 围海造地 海岸整治 泉州湾 |
| DOI：10.11759/hykx20131205002 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家海洋局青年海洋科学基金项目(2012337); 国家自然科学基金项目(41076035, 41206048) |
|
| Effects of high-intensity human activities on the environment variations of coastal wetland in the Quanzhou Bay, China |
|
YE Xiang, WANG Ai-jun, MA Mu, FANG Jian-yong
|
|
Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration
|
| Abstract: |
| Coastal wetlands are rich in natural resources and represent a favorable environment. They have thus been developed and utilized throughout human history, and this has caused the loss and degradation of these areas. Coastal wetlands are located at the interactions among land, sea, and atmosphere, thereby providing an important ecological niche. Based on a summary of hydrodynamic, geomorphology, ecological, and environmental quality data of the coastal wetland in the Quanzhou Bay, the effects of reclamation, cultivation, pollutant discharge, and artificial ecological engineering on coastal wetlands were discussed. Results indicate that the area of coastal wetlands has decreased with an increase in socioeconomic development and human activity, and that the tidal water and sediment transport paths and patterns are changing. Furthermore, the environmental quality of the coastal wetlands is declining, and biodiversity and biomass are decreasing. In order to achieve the sustainable development of coastal wetlands in the Quanzhou Bay, the following strategies are proposed: (1) to strengthen the scientific management of reclamation and recommend new reclamation methods; (2) to perform coastal wetland realignment and ecosystem restoration and construct a coastal wetland park to provide local advantages; (3) to excavate local marine culture and develop ecotourism. The effects of heavily intensive human activities on coastal wetlands are revealed in this study, and as such, this provides a scientific basis for the research and realignment of coastal wetlands and policy-making basis in relation to the development and protection of coastal wetlands in the Quanzhou Bay. |
| Key words: coastal wetland human activity reclamation coastal realignment the Quanzhou Bay |
