引用本文:	吴国丽,李思航,刘子洲,顾艳镇,翟方国,王际朝,冯俊乔.2015/2016年超强厄尔尼诺期间热带西太平洋海洋环流变化特征[J].海洋科学,2020,44(1):8-18.

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2015/2016年超强厄尔尼诺期间热带西太平洋海洋环流变化特征
吴国丽¹, 李思航², 刘子洲², 顾艳镇², 翟方国², 王际朝¹, 冯俊乔^3,4
1.中国石油大学(华东) 理学院, 山东青岛 266580;2.中国海洋大学海洋与大气学院, 山东青岛 266100;3.中国科学院海洋环流与波动重点实验室, 山东青岛 266071;4.中国科学院海洋研究所, 山东青岛 266071

摘要:

本文利用HYCOM （Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model）再分析数据对北赤道流（NEC）、棉兰老流（MC）以及黑潮（KC）所构成的NMK环流系统在2015/2016年超强厄尔尼诺事件期间的变化特征及其影响机制进行了研究，并与其他厄尔尼诺期间的变化特征进行了对比。结果表明，在2015/2016年超强厄尔尼诺事件期间，NEC和MC输运均显著增强，最大值分别达到66 Sv （1 Sv=10⁶ m³/s）和49.4 Sv，北赤道流分叉纬度最北可达16°N，KC输运没有明显增强。NMK环流系统的年际变化主要与此次厄尔尼诺事件期间热带西北太平洋15°N以南、160°E以西海域出现的气旋式环流异常有关。该环流异常出现自厄尔尼诺事件的前期阶段，并于爆发阶段达到顶峰，主要是由15°N以南区域出现的强西风异常所引起的。进一步分析表明，此次厄尔尼诺事件期间NEC、MC输运和NBL的平均值均大于1992— 2014年间所有厄尔尼诺事件的平均状况，但与1997/1998年超强厄尔尼诺事件期间的平均值相近。

关键词: NMK环流系统 2015/2016年厄尔尼诺事件年际变异

DOI：10.11759/hykx20181009002

分类号:P731.27

基金项目:中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助（19CX05003A-12，16CX02011A）；国家重点研发计划（2018YFC1406201）；国家自然科学基金项目（41506008，41606107，41776012，41476002）；中国科学院海洋环流与波动重点实验室开放基金项目（KLOCW1503）；山东省自然科学基金项目（ZR2015DQ006）

Variations in the tropical Western Pacific gyre during the 2015/2016 super El Niño event

WU Guo-li¹, LI Si-hang², LIU Zi-zhou², GU Yan-zhen², ZHAI Fang-guo², WANG Ji-chao¹, FENG Jun-qiao^3,4

1.College of Science, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266580, China;2.College of Ocean and Atmosphere, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China;3.Key Laboratory of Ocean Circulation And Waves, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China;4.Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China

Abstract:

Variations in the NMK gyre system comprising the North Equatorial Current (NEC), Mindanao Current (MC), and Kuroshio Current (KC) during the 2015/2016 super El Niño event are investigated using the hybrid coordinate ocean model reanalysis data. Furthermore, we compared the obtained data with those of the historical El Niño events. Results indicated that during the 2015/2016 El Niño event, the NEC and MC transports significantly increased with peak values of 66 and 49.4 Sv (1 Sv=10⁶ m³s^-1), respectively, and NEC bifurcation occurred at 16°N. However, the KC transport did not significantly increase. During the 2015/2016 El Niño event, the interannual variations of the NMK gyre system were mainly related to the cyclonic gyre anomalies occurring south of 15°N and west of 160°E in the tropical northwest Pacific. This circulation anomaly occurs in the antecedent phase and peaks during the onset phase, which is mainly induced by the strong westerly wind anomaly that occurs south of 15°N in the tropical North Pacific. Further analysis shows that the mean values of the NEC and MC transports and the NBL during this El Niño event were larger than those during all past El Niño events from 1992 to 2014, but were close to those during 1997/1998 El Niño event.

Key words: NMK circulation system 2015/2016 El Niño event interannual variation