| 引用本文: | 刘勇,叶孙忠,马超,庄之栋,徐春燕,沈长春,蔡建堤,谢少卿.福建三沙湾游泳动物种类和数量的季节变化[J].海洋科学,2022,46(5):86-94. |
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| 福建三沙湾游泳动物种类和数量的季节变化 |
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刘勇, 叶孙忠, 马超, 庄之栋, 徐春燕, 沈长春, 蔡建堤, 谢少卿
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福建省水产研究所, 福建省海洋生物增养殖与高值化利用重点实验室, 福建 厦门 361013
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| 摘要: |
| 根据2019年1月、4月、7月和10月四个季度10个站位定置张网调查资料, 对福建三沙湾游泳动物的种类组成及季节变化进行分析研究。结果表明: 调查共获得游泳动物209种, 隶属于3门4纲19目73科144属, 其中鱼类154种, 甲壳类48种, 头足类7种。游泳动物种类数以秋季出现最多, 四个季节共同出现的种类有42种。鲈形目种类最多, 其次是十足目。鱼类适温性以暖水性种类居多, 占71.43%, 暖温性种类次之(27.92%); 生态类型以底层、近底层鱼类居多, 两者合占75.97%。鹰爪虾(Trachypenaeus curvirostris)、大黄鱼(Larimichthys crocea)、棘头梅童鱼(Collichthys lucidus)、红星梭子蟹(Portunus sanguinolentus)和日本蟳(Charybdis japonica)等14个种类是三沙湾游泳动物的优势种类, 季节性优势种居多。三沙湾定置张网调查渔业资源质量密度为111.09 kg/km2, 尾数密度为13.72×103 ind./km2, 均以夏季最高, 春季最低。应该进一步加强对三沙湾渔业资源的合理利用和有效保护, 同时重视对外来物种的监测。 |
| 关键词: 种类组成 资源密度 游泳动物 三沙湾 季节变化 |
| DOI：10.11759/hykx20210225001 |
| 分类号:P735 |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划(NO.2018YFC1406302); 福建省属公益类科研院所基本科研专项(2019R1013-3) |
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| Seasonal variations in species and the quantity of nekton in Sansha Bay, Fujian |
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LIU Yong, YE Sun-zhong, MA Chao, ZHUANG Zhi-dong, XU Chun-yan, SHEN Chang-chun, CAI Jian-di, XIE Shao-qing
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Key Laboratory of Cultivation and High-value Utilization of Marine Organisms in Fujian Province, Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian, Xiamen 361013, China
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| Abstract: |
| Seasonal variations in the species composition of nekton were analyzed based on a set-net survey data from 10 sites in Sansha Bay, Fujian, during January, April, July, and October 2019. The results revealed a total of 209 nekton species belonging to 3 phyla, 4 classes, 19 orders, 73 families, and 144 genera, including 154 species of fish, 48 species of crustaceans, and 7 species of cephalopods. The number of nekton species was highest in autumn, and 42 species were common species throughout the year. Perciformes comprised most of the species, followed by Decapoda. The dominant marine fish species were warm-water species (71.43% of the total), followed by warm-temperate species (27.92% of the total). The proportion of demersal fish and near-benthic fish together accounted for 75.97%. Fourteen species of nekton, including Trachypenaeus curvirostris, Larimichthys crocea, Collichthys lucidus, Portunus sanguinolentus, and Charybdis japonica, were the dominant species in Sansha Bay, most of which were seasonal. The average annual stock density by weight was 111.09 kg/km2. The stock density by quantity was 13.72 × 103 ind./km2, and these two density indices were highest during summer and lowest during spring. The utilization and protection of fishery resources should be enhanced in Sansha Bay. More attention should be paid to the monitoring of alien species. |
| Key words: species composition stock density nekton Sansha Bay seasonal variations |
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