引用本文:	曹伟,迟长凤,董迎辉,毕斯琦,刘志鸿,孙秀俊,周丽青,吴彪.高盐胁迫对缢蛏幼贝存活和三种酶活性的影响[J].海洋科学,2022,46(7):44-51.

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高盐胁迫对缢蛏幼贝存活和三种酶活性的影响
曹伟^1,2, 迟长凤¹, 董迎辉³, 毕斯琦⁴, 刘志鸿^2,5, 孙秀俊^2,5, 周丽青^2,5, 吴彪^2,5
1.浙江海洋大学国家海洋设施养殖工程技术研究中心, 浙江舟山 316022;2.中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所农业农村部海洋渔业可持续发展重点实验室, 山东青岛 266071;3.浙江万里学院浙江省水产种质资源高效利用技术研究重点实验室, 浙江宁波 315100;4.天津农学院天津市水产生态及养殖重点实验室, 天津 300384;5.青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室海洋渔业科学与食物产出过程功能实验室, 山东青岛 266071

摘要:

为探讨高盐胁迫对壳长约2 cm缢蛏(Sinonovacula constricta)幼贝存活和酶活性的影响,本研究设置盐度分别为20‰(S₂₀)、25‰(S₂₅)、30‰(S₃₀)、35‰(S₃₅)、40‰(S₄₀)和45‰(S₄₅)6个组别胁迫缢蛏,测定各组幼贝死亡率,并计算不同胁迫时间的半致死盐度(LC₅₀);同时研究了S₂₀、S₃₀和S₄₀组幼贝软体部Na⁺-K⁺-ATP酶(NKA)、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)三种酶在不同胁迫时间的活性变化特征。结果表明,实验处理120 h后,各组死亡率分别为0、(2.17±0.85)%、(9.50±0.82)%、(30.67±3.70)%、(73.50±7.08)%和(94.67±3.06)%,168 h时S₄₅组的缢蛏幼贝全部死亡;直线内插法计算得到的72、96、120、144、168 h的高盐LC₅₀分别为46.03‰、39.85‰、35.77‰、34.57‰、33.69‰,概率单位法得到的高盐LC₅₀分别为44.31‰、40.74‰、36.96‰、35.67‰、34.47‰。随着盐度升高和处理时间延长,NKA、AKP与ACP活性总体上呈现先上升再下降后稳定的趋势,三种酶活性变化趋势相似,但效应时间不同,盐度高于30‰会给幼贝机体造成较大伤害,能降低机体渗透压调节和免疫防御机能,甚至导致死亡。研究结果为高盐条件下开展缢蛏科学养殖提供了参考数据。

关键词: 缢蛏(Sinonovacula constricta)幼贝高盐胁迫半致死盐度酶活性

DOI：10.11759/hykx20210725001

分类号:S917.4

基金项目:宁波市科技创新2025重大专项(2019B10005,2021Z114);国家海洋水产种质资源库项目

Effects of high salt stress on survival and enzyme activities of Sinonovacula constricta juvenile

CAO Wei^1,2, CHI Chang-feng¹, DONG Ying-hui³, BI Si-qi⁴, LIU Zhi-hong^2,5, SUN Xiu-jun^2,5, ZHOU Li-qing^2,5, WU Biao^2,5

1.Zhejiang Ocean University, National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Zhoushan 316022, China;2.Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qingdao 266071, China;3.Zhejiang Wanli University, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Germplasm Resources of Zhejiang, Ningbo 315100, China;4.Tianjin Agricultural College, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aqua-ecology and Aquaculture College of Fisheries, Tianjin 300384, China;5.Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao 266071, China

Abstract:

To investigate the effects of high salt stress on the survival and enzyme activities of Sinonovacula constricta juvenile with a shell length of~2 cm, the individuals were randomly divided into six groups with different salinities of 20‰ (S₂₀), 25‰ (S₂₅), 30‰ (S₃₀), 35‰ (S₃₅), 40‰ (S₄₀) and 45‰ (S₄₅). The mortalities of S. constricta juvenile in each group were calculated, and the half lethal salinity (LC₅₀) at different stress times was analyzed by two methods. Furthermore, the activities of Na⁺-K⁺- ATPase (NKA), acid phosphatase (ACP), and alkaline phosphatase (AKP) of the individuals from groups S₂₀, S₃₀, and S₄₀ were analyzed, respectively. The results showed that the mortality rates of groups S₂₀, S₂₅, S₃₀, S₃₅, S₄₀, and S₄₅ at 120 h were 0, (2.17±0.85)%, (9.50±0.82)%, (30.67±3.70)%, (73.50±7.08)%, and (94.67±3.06)%, respectively. All the individuals of group S₄₅ died at 168 h. The LC₅₀ of high salinity analyzed at 72, 96, 120, 144, and 168 h were 46.03‰、39.85‰、35.77‰、34.57‰ and 33.69‰, respectively, via the linear regression method, and 44.31‰, 40.74‰, 36.96‰, 35.67‰ and 34.47‰, respectively, via the probit analysis method. As the salinity increased and the treatment lasted longer, NKA, AKP, and ACP activities first increased, further decreasing and stabilizing. The three enzymes showed similar change trends with different effect times. Salinity above 30‰ might cause great damage to the body by reducing the osmotic pressure regulation and immune defense function. This study provides useful data for the future culture of S. constricta.

Key words: Sinonovacula constricta juvenile high salt stress LC₅₀ enzyme activities