| 摘要: |
| 山东沿岸流是黄海沿岸流系的重要一支, 是影响渤海和黄海水体和物质交换的重要动力过程, 但长期以来缺乏直接的系统观测。本研究基于2021年全年环山东半岛海域6个测站的3组高频地波雷达组网观测数据, 研究了环山东半岛海域潮流和余流的时空变化特征。结果表明: 山东半岛北部海域以不规则半日潮流为主, 121°30′E至122°E的烟威海域为不规则全日潮流, 山东半岛南部海域则以规则半日潮流为主。就2021年而言, 山东半岛北部鲁北沿岸流冬、夏较强, 表层平均余流约为20~ 30 cm/s, 春、秋较弱, 约5~15 cm/s, 全年基本流向比较稳定。山东半岛南部沿岸流整体弱于鲁北沿岸, 约2~10 cm/s, 冬季时受强风影响, 与鲁北沿岸流联为一体, 整体向西南方向流动, 且流速较强。冬季, 强北风可能是山东半岛北部沿岸流的主要驱动因素, 且风速越大, 流速越强, 流向越趋于一致向东南方向流动; 春夏秋季, 山东半岛北部表层余流仍流向东南且可以逆风流动。山东半岛南部表层余流方向多变, 且具有显著的季节变化, 冬季时受强北风影响流向西南, 其他季节流速较弱且流向趋于和局地风向一致。 |
| 关键词: 山东沿岸流|高频地波雷达|潮流|余流|季节特征 |
| DOI：10.11759/hykx20240202003 |
| 分类号:P731.21 |
| 基金项目:山东省重点研究发展计划项目(2021CXGC010705);中央高校基本科研业务费专项(202371001) |
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| Characterizing the coastal currents around the Shandong Peninsula based on the high-frequency ground wave radar network |
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WANG Tao1, RONG Zengrui1,2, XU Xinjun3, YU Xiaolin2
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1.College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China;2.Frontier Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China;3.Wuhan Hailan Ruihai Marine Technology Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430205, China
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| Abstract: |
| The Shandong coastal current is an important branch of the Yellow Sea coastal current system and is one of the main physical processes affecting the water and material exchange between the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea. However, only a few observations have been made to characterize its spatial and temporal variations. Based on three sets of high-frequency ground wave radar network observations from six stations surrounding the Shandong Peninsula, we investigated the spatial and temporal characteristics of tidal and residual currents surrounding the Shandong Peninsula. Results showed that most of the northern part of the Shandong Peninsula is dominated by irregular semidiurnal currents, whereas the Yantai-Weihai area between 121°30′E and 122°E is dominated by irregular diurnal currents. The southern part of the Shandong Peninsula is dominated by regular semidiurnal currents. The Lubei coastal current (i.e., the northern branch of the Shandong coastal current) is stronger in winter and summer and weaker in spring and autumn, with a mean surface current velocity of approximately 20-30 and 5-15 cm/s, respectively. The direction of the Lubei coastal current is relatively stable throughout the year and mainly flows southeastward. The coastal current in the southern part of the Shandong Peninsula is weaker than that along the northern coast and is approximately 2-10 cm/s. We determined that the strong north wind in winter may be the main factor driving the Lubei coastal current, which is stronger under high-speed wind conditions. In other seasons, the Lubei coastal current flows southeastward and may flow in the upwind direction, especially in summer. The surface residual current in the southern part of the Shandong Peninsula is distinguished by frequent changes in direction and behaves with remarkable seasonal variation. In winter, the residual current in the southern part connects with the Lubei coastal current and flows southwestward. In other seasons, the velocity of the southern branch is weaker and tends to be in the same direction as the local wind. The results presented in this study deepen our understanding of the characteristics and mechanisms of Shandong coastal currents and their roles in regulating the exchange between the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea. |
| Key words: Shandong Peninsula coastal current|high-frequency surface wave radar|tidal current|residual current|seasonal variability |
