| 引用本文: | 李生府,刘淑德,董秀强,王田田,崔雯慧,蒋文良,吕振波,任中华.基于Ecopath模型的烟威渔场海域三疣梭子蟹增殖生态容量评估研究[J].海洋科学,2025,49(7):19-33. |
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| 基于Ecopath模型的烟威渔场海域三疣梭子蟹增殖生态容量评估研究 |
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李生府1, 刘淑德2, 董秀强2, 王田田3, 崔雯慧1, 蒋文良1, 吕振波1, 任中华1
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1.鲁东大学 滨海生态高等研究院, 山东 烟台 264025;2.山东省渔业发展和资源养护总站, 山东 烟台 264003;3.烟台市海洋经济研究院, 山东 烟台 264003
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| 摘要: |
| 为掌握放流物种生境特征, 科学开展增殖放流活动, 对烟威渔场海域三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)开展生态容量评估研究。本研究基于2022—2023年4个季度的烟威渔场海域海洋生物与环境数据, 构建了包含23个功能组的Ecopath模型, 系统分析了该海域生态系统的能量流动及食物网结构特征,并对三疣梭子蟹的增殖生态容量进行评估。主要结果表明: 烟威渔场海域生态系统中各功能组的营养级分布范围为1.00~4.16, 生态营养效率(ecological efficiency, EE)在0.21~0.92之间, 其中三疣梭子蟹营养级为3.44, EE值为0.42; 生态系统总能量转化效率为6.80%, 初级生产者和碎屑的转化效率在II-Ⅲ营养级之间最低, 分别为3.79%、4.45%, 而在营养级Ⅳ-Ⅴ之间最高, 分别为10.62%、12.21%。食物网由牧食链与碎屑链构成, 其中牧食链占主导地位, 初级生产者所占能流比为56.0%, 系统连接指数(connectance index, CI)与系统杂食性指数(system omnivory index, SOI)分别为0.34、0.18。当三疣梭子蟹的生物量增加至0.482 4 t·km–2时(为当前生物量的9.1倍), 其他虾类功能组的EE值达到临界值1, 标志着达到三疣梭子蟹增殖生态容量。本研究结果可为优化烟威渔场海域三疣梭子蟹增殖放流策略提供理论依据, 也为渔业资源的可持续开发与管理养护提供技术支撑。 |
| 关键词: 烟威渔场 功能组 能量流动 食物网 三疣梭子蟹 增殖生态容量 |
| DOI：10.11759/hykx20250410003 |
| 分类号:S931 |
| 基金项目:山东近海渔业资源及其产卵场调查(烟威渔场海域)(SDGP3700000002023020011772001) |
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| Evaluation of the enhancement of the ecological carrying capacity of Portunus trituberculatus in the Yan-Wei fishing ground based on the Ecopath model |
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LI Shengfu1, LIU Shude2, DONG Xiuqiang2, WANG Tiantian3, CUI Wenhui1, JIANG Wenliang1, Lü Zhenbo1, REN Zhonghua1
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1.Ludong University, Institute for Advanced Study of Coastal Ecology, Yantai 264025, China;2.Shandong Fisheries Development and Resources Conservation Center, Yantai 264003, China;3.Yantai Marine Economy Research Institute, Yantai 264003, China
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| Abstract: |
| To scientifically guide stock enhancement strategies, this study aimed to evaluate the ecological carrying capacity of Portunus trituberculatus in the Yan-Wei fishing ground. During the spring, summer, autumn, and winter of 2022-2023, an Ecopath model incorporating 23 functional groups was developed using seasonally collected marine biological and environmental datasets. This model was used to characterize the energy flow and food web structure in this ecosystem and evaluate the ecological carrying capacity for the stock enhancement of P. trituberculatus. The trophic levels of functional groups ranged from 1.00 to 4.16, with ecological efficiency (EE) values ranging from 0.21 to 0.92. The trophic level of P. trituberculatus was 3.44, with an EE value of 0.42. The total energy transfer efficiency of the ecosystem was 6.80%. For primary producers and detritus, the energy transfer efficiencies were the lowest at trophic levels II and III (3.79% and 4.45%, respectively) and the highest at levels IV and V (10.62% and 12.21%, respectively). The food web was structured by grazing and detritus food chains, with the grazing food chain accounting for 56.0% of the energy flow. The connectance index and system omnivory index values were 0.34 and 0.18, respectively. The ecological carrying capacity of P. trituberculatus was reached when its biomass increased to 0.482 4 t·km-2 (9.1 times the current biomass), at which point the EE of another shrimp functional group reached a threshold value of 1. These findings provide a theoretical basis for optimizing stock enhancement strategies for P. trituberculatus in the Yan-Wei fishing ground and offer technical support for the sustainable development and management of fishery resources. |
| Key words: Yan-Wei fishing ground functional group energy flow food web structure Portunus trituberculatus ecological carrying capacity |
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