| 摘要: |
| 随着全球人口持续攀升及对蛋白质需求的日益增长, 水产养殖业近几十年来蓬勃发展。据联合国粮农组织统计, 2022年全球水产养殖产量已高于渔业捕捞产量。陆基、海基等各类水产养殖模式在国内外均得以快速发展, 但同时也面临例如资源过量消耗、水环境富营养化等诸多挑战。然而, 目前科研界及公众对各类养殖模式的环境影响效应了解仍较为有限。生命周期评价(life cycle assessment, LCA)作为国际标准化的环境管理工具, 常被用于评估产品、工艺或活动在整个生产或生命周期阶段产生的环境负荷, 自2004年起被应用于水产养殖业, 为全面评估水产养殖的环境影响提供了科学方法。本文综述了LCA在水产养殖中的应用框架与研究现状, 重点围绕应用过程中的目标和范围确定、清单分析、环境影响评估与改进3个核心环节展开论述。阐明了当前LCA在水产养殖中的应用面临数据获取困难、系统边界与方法不统一、社会经济维度缺失等挑战, 未来需加强数据监测技术、建立标准化指南与专用数据库, 并开展多维度综合评价以精准评估水产养殖活动的环境影响, 为推动水产养殖业的可持续发展提供基础数据。 |
| 关键词: 生命周期评价 水产养殖 环境影响 影响改进 可持续发展 |
| DOI：10.11759/hykx20250810001 |
| 分类号:S968 |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD2401204); 山东省重点研发计划(重大科技创新工程)项目(2023CXGC010410) |
|
| Progress and prospects of life cycle assessment for the environmental impact of aquaculture |
|
YU Jinying1, SUN Yue2, WU Fucun3, ZHANG Xiangyu1, LI Xian1,4
|
|
1.Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China;2.Tianjin Fisheries Research Institute, Tianjin 300221, China;3.School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China;4.Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Mariculture and Smart Fisheries, Qingdao 266003, China
|
| Abstract: |
| The continuous growth of the global population and the increasing demand for protein have driven the aquaculture industry in recent decades. According to statistics from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, global aquaculture production surpassed that of wild capture fisheries in 2022. Various aquaculture models, including land- and sea-based systems, have developed rapidly domestically and internationally. However, these models also face numerous challenges, such as excessive resource consumption and eutrophication of aquatic environments. Despite this, scientists and the public currently have a limited understanding of the environmental impacts associated with different aquaculture models. Life cycle assessment (LCA), an internationally standardized environmental management tool, is commonly used to evaluate the environmental burdens generated by products, processes, or activities throughout all stages of production and life cycle. Beginning in 2004, LCA has provided a scientific methodology for comprehensively assessing the environmental impacts of aquaculture. This paper reviews the application framework and current research status of LCA in aquaculture, focusing on three core aspects: goal and scope definition, inventory analysis, and environmental impact assessment and improvement. It highlights current challenges in LCA application in aquaculture, including difficulties in data acquisition, inconsistencies in system boundaries and methodologies, and the absence of socioeconomic dimensions. Future efforts should strengthen technologies for environmental data monitoring and collection, establish standardized guidelines and specialized LCA inventory databases for aquaculture, and conduct multidimensional, comprehensive evaluations to accurately assess the environmental impacts of aquaculture activities. This paper will provide foundational data for advancing the sustainable development of the aquaculture industry. |
| Key words: life cycle assessment aquaculture environmental impact impact improvement sustainable development |
