| 摘要: |
| 基于环境DNA（eDNA）技术的靶向物种特异性检测正在逐步取代传统检测方法，成为水生生态系统监测的前沿工具。本文综述了eDNA在水生生物单物种特异性检测中的应用进展，重点讨论了线粒体区靶基因（如COI、Cytb、D-Loop等）的选择与技术路线，分析了各类检测技术（如qPCR、ddPCR、LAMP等）的优势与局限，并提出了结合辅助技术（如LFA试纸、抗抑制剂策略、纳米传感器等）的创新路径。尽管eDNA技术具有显著优势，但仍面临引物设计、环境干扰、假阳性/阴性等技术挑战。未来的研究将侧重于方法的标准化、基于水动力模型的eDNA分布解析，以及三代测序技术的应用，进一步推动eDNA技术在水生生态监测和物种保护中的普及应用。 |
| 关键词: 水生生态系统 eDNA 物种特异性检测 引物选择策略 检测技术 |
| DOI： |
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| Research Advances in Targeted Species-Specific Detection Using Environmental DNA with Applications in Aquatic Ecosystem Monitoring |
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WANG Wenxin1,2, XUE Dongxiu1,2, LI Yuan3, LIU Jinxian1,2
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1.Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China;2.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China;3.Third Institute of Oceanology, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, Fujian
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| Abstract: |
| Environmental DNA (eDNA) technology for target species-specific detection is rapidly emerging as a cutting-edge tool for monitoring aquatic ecosystems, gradually replacing traditional methods. This review provides a comprehensive review of eDNA’s application in species-specific detection of aquatic organisms, with a focus on the selection of mitochondria target genes (e.g., COI, Cytb, D-Loop) and the associated technical methodologies. It further evaluates the advantages and limitations of various detection techniques, including qPCR, ddPCR, and LAMP, and discusses innovative strategies that integrate auxiliary technologies such as lateral flow assays (LFA), inhibitor mitigation strategies, and nanosensors. While eDNA technology offers notable advantages, challenges such as primer design, environmental interference, and false positives/negatives remain. Future research will focus on standardizing methods, utilizing hydrodynamic models to analyze eDNA distribution, and applying third-generation sequencing technologies, which will advance the use of eDNA in aquatic ecosystem monitoring and species conservation. |
| Key words: aquatic ecosystems environmental DNA (eDNA) species-specific detection primer selection strategy detection technologies |