| 摘要: |
| 以大、中、小3种不同规格的刺参（Apostichopus japonicus）为对象，在pH为7.3、7.5、8.2、8.7、8.9不同环境中养殖30 d，观测刺参行为、生长及溶菌酶（LZM）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性。结果显示：当pH为7.5、8.7时，3种不同规格刺参均能正常活动、摄食、生长，未表现出异常状况；若超出此范围，刺参出现粪便细短、残饵增多、摄食量减少等现象，尤其在pH 8.9时，中规格刺参有明显棘刺收缩的现象，小规格刺参不同程度地出现身体收缩、棘刺平滑状态，而大规格刺参无明显表观不适现象。不同pH对3种规格刺参的特定生长率（SGR）有显著影响，随着pH升高或者降低，刺参SGR均逐渐下降，与对照组差异显著（P<0.05），规格越小刺参受到抑制作用越大；刺参LZM、SOD、CAT活性随pH胁迫时间的延长呈现先升高后下降的趋势，在第10天时达到最高，与对照组差异显著（P<0.05），至30 d胁迫结束时，在pH 7.3、8.9条件下，刺参免疫酶活性显著低于对照组（P<0.05），而pH为7.5、8.7时，刺参免疫酶活性与对照差异不显著；pH胁迫对不同规格刺参非特异性免疫酶活性的影响存在差异，在相同胁迫条件下，酶活性依次为大规格 > 中规格 > 小规格，当pH 7.3、8.9时，小中大规格分别在胁迫20 d、25 d、25 d后免疫酶活性显著低于对照组（P<0.05）。研究表明，pH胁迫会对刺参生长及免疫产生明显的影响，在刺参养殖过程中，pH属关键的理化因子之一，应密切关注其变化。 |
| 关键词: 刺参 pH胁迫 生长 免疫酶 |
| DOI：10.11759/hykx20180821001 |
| 分类号:S917 |
| 基金项目:泰山产业领军人才工程（LJNY201613）；山东省现代农业产业技术体系刺参产业创新团队建设工程（SDAIT-22-01，SDAIT-22-05）；山东省农业良种工程（2017LZGC010） |
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| Effect of pH stress on growth and activities of immune enzyme of different-sized sea cucumber, Apostichopus japonicus Selenka |
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HAN Sha1, HU Wei1, LI Cheng-lin1, ZHAO Bin1, SUN Yong-jun2, LIU Zhao-cun3
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1.Marine Biology Institute of Shandong Province, Qingdao 266104, China;2.Hao Dangjia Group Corporation, Weihai 264300, China;3.Marine Science and Technology Corporation of Yellow River Delta of Shandong Province, Dongying 257000, China
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| Abstract: |
| Effects of different pH (7.3, 7.5, 8.7, and 8.9) stress on growth and the activities of lysozyme (LZM), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) in small-sized[(10.78 ±0.13) g], medium-sized[(24.35±0.29) g], and large-sized[(51.21±0.45) g] sea cucumbers were analyzed. The results indicated that three different-sized sea cucumbers behaved, fed, and grew as usual under pH 7.5 and 8.7 conditions for 30 days. With deviation from the normal pH level, the sea cucumber showed thinner and shorter feces, increased residue, and reduced food consumption. At pH 8.9, the parapodium of medium-sized sea cucumbers shrank, and some small sea cucumbers appeared to have shrunken bodies and smooth spines. However, no obvious abnormality was observed in large-sized sea cucumbers. Different pH stress levels had significant effects on specific growth rate (SGR) of the three different sizes of sea cucumbers. The SGR of all sea cucumbers decreased as the pH stress increased and was significantly different from the control group. The effect was more significant on small-sized sea cucumbers. The activities of LZM, SOD, and CAT of sea cucumbers in experimental groups initially increased, then decreased, and reached a peak on the 10th day, being significantly different from those of the control group (P<0.05). After 30 days, the immune enzyme activities of the sea cucumber under pH 7.3 and 8.9 were significantly lower than those of the control (P<0.05). No significant difference was observed between pH 7.5, pH 8.7, and the control group. The effects of pH stress on the activities of immune enzymes of different-sized sea cucumbers were significantly different (P<0.05). The order of sensitivity of the three sizes of sea cucumber under the same pH was large > medium > small (P<0.05). The results indicated that pH stress can significantly affect the growth and immunity function of sea cucumbers. Therefore, as one of the key water factors, pH changes should be considered in sea cucumber aquaculture and should be maintained between 7.5 and 8.7. |
| Key words: sea cucumber pH stress growth immune enzymes |
