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| 近20年中国近海和海岸带大气黑碳干湿沉降及源解析 |
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冯辰龙1,2, 邢建伟1,3,4,5, 袁华茂1,3,4,5, 宋金明1,3,4,5, 李学刚1,3,4,5, 马骏1,3,5
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1.中国科学院海洋生态与环境科学重点实验室, 中国科学院海洋研究所, 山东 青岛 266071;2.青岛科技大学化学与分子工程学院, 山东 青岛 266061;3.青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室海洋生态与环境科学功能实验室, 山东 青岛 266237;4.中国科学院大学,北京 100049;5.中国科学院海洋大科学研究中心, 山东 青岛 266071
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| 摘要: |
| 作为一种在大气中普遍存在的碳质气溶胶成分, 黑碳因可对生态环境产生深远影响而备受关注。对海洋大气黑碳沉降的深入认识有助于进一步明确海洋碳循环过程。目前对中国近海和海岸带大气黑碳沉降的研究工作少且零散, 相关研究数据不足以探求其规律。对该区域近20年来已报道的大气黑碳数据进行系统梳理和再分析, 利用整合的数据集成估算沉降通量并分析其空间分布特征, 最后评述了目前黑碳的源解析方法并评估了该区域大气黑碳的来源, 对未来近海大气黑碳研究作了展望。结果表明: ①中国近海和海岸带陆域大气黑碳浓度平均值分别约为1.95±1.28和5.05±2.62 mg·m–3, 具有显著的人为污染特征, 由北向南, 海岸带陆域黑碳浓度近似呈“V”形分布, 最低值位于南黄海沿岸, 而近海区则大致呈递减趋势; ②中国近海和沿海陆域大气黑碳的总沉降通量分别为413.2±137.1和1422.7±721.1 mg·m–2·a–1, 以湿沉降为主, 南北差异明显, 主要受控于降水过程和陆源排放强度; 我国近海黑碳大气沉降量可占全球海洋黑碳总沉降量的16%; ③化石燃料源贡献了中国海岸带大气黑碳总排放量的62%~84%, 因此, 应注重从减少化石燃料源使用的角度控制大气黑碳污染。今后, 应注重不同源解析方法间的集成和互校, 并加强黑碳在地球不同储库间的迁移、转化和埋藏机制研究。近海和海岸带大气环境中的黑碳有着多方面的影响, 其沉降入海并以惰性形式埋藏对增强海洋碳汇有着重大意义。 |
| 关键词: 大气黑碳浓度 中国近海和海岸带 空间分布 沉降通量 源解析 |
| DOI：10.11759/hykx20221024001 |
| 分类号:P79 |
| 基金项目:山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2019BD068);国家自然科学基金项目(41906035);中国科学院海洋研究所“汇泉青年学者”人才项目;中国博士后科学基金(2019T120613) |
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| Atmospheric dry and wet deposition of black carbon and source apportionment in offshore and coastal zones of China over the past 20 years |
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FENG Chen-long1,2, XING Jian-wei1,3,4,5, YUAN Hua-mao1,3,4,5, SONG Jin-ming1,3,4,5, LI Xue-gang1,3,4,5, MA Jun1,3,5
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1.Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China;2.School of Chemical and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266061, China;3.Marine Ecology and Environmental Science Laboratory, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China;4.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;5.Center for Ocean Mega-science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
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| Abstract: |
| Black carbon, as a ubiquitous carbonaceous aerosol component in the atmosphere, has attracted a lot of attention because of its profound effects on the ecological environment. A better understanding of the black carbon deposition in the ocean will aid in clarifying the process of ocean carbon cycling. However, there have been few investigations on the atmospheric black carbon deposition in China’s offshore and coastal zones, and the relevant research data are insufficient to explore its regularity. As a result, the relevant data on atmospheric black carbon concentration in this region for the past 20 years were reanalyzed, the deposition fluxes were calculated using the integrated data, and then the spatial distribution characteristics were analyzed. Finally, the existing black carbon source apportionment methodologies were examined, and the primary sources of atmospheric black carbon in this region were generally estimated. On this premise, the future study of atmospheric black carbon in offshore is discussed. The results showed the following: (1) The average atmospheric black carbon concentrations in the offshore and coastal areas of China were about 1.95±1.28 and 5.05±2.62 μg/m3, respectively, with the remarkable characteristics of anthropogenic pollution. The black carbon concentration in the coastal areas showed a V-shaped distribution from north to south; the smallest values were found along the South Yellow Sea coast, while in the offshore areas, it showed a decreasing trend. (2) The overall deposition fluxes of atmospheric black carbon across China’s offshore and coastal areas were 413.2±137.1 and 1422.7±721.1 mg/(m2·a), respectively, with remarkable differences between the North and South of China. Wet deposition is the major routine for the scavenging of atmospheric black carbon, which is primarily controlled by the precipitation process and source emission intensity. The calculated atmospheric subsidence of black carbon in China’s offshore can account for ~16% of that in the global ocean. (3) In China’s coastal zone, fossil fuel sources produced ~62%–84% of the total atmospheric black carbon emissions. As a result, more emphasis should be placed on reducing the use of fossil fuels by controlling atmospheric black carbon emissions. In the future, the integration and mutual correction of different source apportionment methods should receive more attention. Finally, the study on the migration, transformation, and burial mechanisms of black carbon in different reservoirs of the earth should be strengthened. The black carbon in the offshore and coastal zones is influenced by a variety of factors. Its subsidence and inert burial in the marine sediments will enhance the marine carbon sink. |
| Key words: atmospheric black carbon concentration China’s offshore and coastal zone areas spatial distribution deposition flux source apportionment |
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