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| 温度与盐度对福建牡蛎与长牡蛎、熊本牡蛎、香港巨牡蛎种间杂交子代孵化及其早期生长成活的影响 |
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涂康1, 韩自强2, 肖懿哲1, 谢双如1, 黄琼叶1
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1.莆田市水产科学研究所, 福建 莆田 351100;2.集美大学水产学院, 福建 厦门 361100
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| 摘要: |
| 本研究以野生福建牡蛎(A)为亲本一方, 分别与野生长牡蛎(G)、熊本牡蛎(S)、香港巨牡蛎(H)进行杂交, 除A♀×S♂、A♀×H♂两组杂交不育外, 共得到AG(A♀×G♂)、GA(G♀×A♂)、SA(S♀×A♂)、HA(H♀×A♂)、AA(A♀×A♂)5个不同组合, 并研究不同盐度与温度对其幼虫孵化率、早期生长及成活率的影响。结果表明, 盐度25时AG、GA、SA、HA、AA五组孵化率分别达到最大值78.33%、75.00%、63.33%、55.00%、71.67%; 温度低于25℃时, GA孵化率高于其他组, 温度高于25℃时AG孵化率最大, 其中25℃时达到最大孵化率83.33%; 不同盐度条件下D型幼虫经过7 d培育, HA在盐度20时壳高达到最大值97.8 µm, 成活率46.67%, 在盐度为35时第5天全部死亡。AG、GA、SA、AA四组在盐度为25时壳高有最大值, 分别为124.7 µm、121.2 µm、93.7 µm, 111.8 µm; 不同温度条件下D型幼虫经过7 d培育, 在温度为25℃时各组壳高和成活率均有最大值, 大小排列依次为AG>GA>AA>HA>SA, 各组成活率随温度升高呈现出先增大后减小的趋势, AG在25℃时成活率在所有组中最高, 为88.89%; 孵化后在适宜温度盐度条件下连续培养16 d, 不同组之间壳高表现为: AG > GA> AA > HA > SA, AG壳高、壳高SGR及成活率始终大于其他组, 而SA、HA两组壳高、壳高SGR及成活率始终小于自交组AA。研究表明, 相较于福建牡蛎与熊本牡蛎、香港巨牡蛎的杂交, 以及福建牡蛎的自交, 福建牡蛎与长牡蛎的杂交子代表现出明显的生长及存活优势, 生长潜力较好, 且AG优于GA; AG组在盐度25、水温25℃条件下生长速率最大, 成活率最高。研究结果可为福建牡蛎育苗行业良种选育提供参考依据。 |
| 关键词: 福建牡蛎 长牡蛎 熊本牡蛎 香港巨牡蛎 种间杂交 |
| DOI：10.11759/hykx20230915001 |
| 分类号:S968.3 |
| 基金项目:福建省科技计划(2021N0041);农业农村部东海海水健康养殖重点实验室开放课题(2022ESHML19) |
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| Effects of temperature and salinity on hatching, early growth, and survival of interspecific hybrid larvae between Crassostrea angulata and C. gigas, C. sikamea, and C. hongkongensis |
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TU Kang1, HAN Ziqiang2, XIAO Yizhe1, XIE Shuangru1, HUANG Qiongye1
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1.Putian Institute of Aquaculture Science of Fujian Province, Putian 351100, China;2.Fisheries College of JIMEI University, Xiamen 361100, China
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| Abstract: |
| The Fujian oyster Crassostrea angulata is the most cultivated oyster species in the Fujian province. To evaluate the effects of different temperatures and salinities on the hatching rate, the early growth and survival rate of C. angulata (A) and their crosses with C. gigas (G), C. sikamea (S), and C. hongkongensis (H), five experimental groups of AG (Ａ♀×G♂), GA (G♀×Ａ♂), SA (S♀×Ａ♂), HA (Ｈ♀×Ａ♂), and AA (Ａ♀×Ａ♂) were produced using diallel crosses, except for hybrid sterility that existed in A♀×S♂and A♀×H♂combinations. The hatching rates of AG, GA, SA, HA, and AA reached maximum values of 78.33%, 75.00%, 63.33%, 55.00%, and 71.67%, respectively, when the salinity was 25. When the temperature was <25 ℃, the hatching rate of GA was higher than that of other groups; when the temperature was >25 ℃, the hatching rate of AG was the highest, and the maximum hatching rate reached 83.33% at 25 ℃. After 7 days of culture under different salinity conditions, the shell height of HA reached a maximum of 97.8 µm at a salinity of 20, with a survival rate of 46.67%, and all larvae died on the 5th day at a salinity of 35. The maximum shell height of AG, GA, SA, and AA was 124.7, 121.2, 93.7, and 111.8 µm, respectively, when salinity was 25. After culturing for 7 days at different temperatures, all groups showed the maximum shell height and survival rate at 25 ℃, and the survival rate of each group showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with increased temperature; the survival rate of AG was highest in all groups (88.89%) at 25 ℃. After 16 days of continuous cultivation under suitable temperature and salinity conditions, the shell heights of the different groups were as follows: AG > GA > AA > HA > SA. Shell height, shell height SGR, and survival rate of AG were always higher than those of other groups, while those of SA and HA were always lower than those of the self-crossing group AA. Our study showed that the hybrid offspring of C. angulata and C. gigas showed obvious growth and survival advantages; AG was better than GA, and the growth and survival rates of AG were highest under the conditions of salinity of 25 and temperature of 25 ℃. These results provide a reference for the breeding of Fujian oysters. |
| Key words: Crassostrea angulata C. gigas C. sikamea C. hongkongensis interspecific hybridization |
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