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洱海生态环境恶化及综合治理对策研究
杜宝汉
大理州环境科学研究所云南 671000

摘要:

由于70年代中期西洱河电站建成发电引起洱海水位下降，加之流域植被破坏、水土流失及酷渔滥捕、不合理引种等原因，使洱海生态环境发生了变迁。湖泊面积缩小5％左右，容积减少14％左右；浮游动植物、底栖动物的种群结构、数量发生明显变化；土著鱼种类和数量急剧减少；水生维管束植物覆盖面积达27％，生物总量达56.3万t。为此提出保持水位，植树造林，控制点、面源污染，适度捕捞及加强管理等综合治理对策。

关键词: 洱海生态环境水生植被

DOI：

分类号:

基金项目:

STUDY ON THE DETERIORATION OF ECO-ENVIRONMENT OF ERHAI LAKE AND COUNTERMEASURES FOR COMPREHENSIVE TREATMENT

Du Baohan

Dali Prefectural Research Institute of Environmental Science, Yunnan 671000

Abstract:

Erhai Like situated at the west of Yunnan (100°05' - 100°17' E, 25°36' - 25°58' N), has a catchment area of 2 565 km², surface area of 250 km², mean depth of 10.5 m and maximum depth of 20.5 m. The main ecological environmental problems of Erhai Lake are: (1) decrease of water level and water resources, (2) increase of areal coverage and biomass of aquation vegetation, (3) aboriginal fish slowly depleted, (4) overfishing, (5) destruction of the washed forest, soil erosion, (6) loading of nitrogen and phosphorus due to the increase of agricultural production around Erhai Lake, (7) pollution of the waves.

This paper presents some countermeasures to solve the problems:

(1) Control water level.

(2) Afforestation in the watershed to prevant soil erosion.

(3) Control overgrowth of aquatic plants in the lake.

(4) Implement and perfect the administrative system and pass protective legislation for Erhai Lake.

Key words: Erhai Lake, Eco-environment, Aquation vegetation

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