| 摘要: |
| 海湾扇贝于1982年从美国引进中国，10年后发展形成庞大的海水养殖产业。为解决全人工养殖中育苗和养成生产中出现的病害造成大量死亡、个体小型化趋向、单位产量下降及肉柱得率降低等严重问题，于1991年12月再次从加拿大引进海湾扇贝种贝，通过人工育苗途径，更换了原有养殖群体的种质。在12个海区试养结果表明，再次引进的海湾扇贝，其抗逆性、生长速度、体型、肉柱得率、生活力等性状，均比原养殖群体有显著提高。自1994年起已在山东、河北、辽宁等省市推广养殖了引种复状的海湾扇贝。 |
| 关键词: 海湾扇贝 引种 复状 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:中国科学院重大课题，Ky 85-08-01-13-13 |
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| STUDIES ON THE RESTORATION OF CULTURED BAY SCALLOP ARGOPECTEN IRRADIANS THROUGH REINTRODUCTION OF BROODSTOCK |
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Zhang Fusui, He Yichao, Qi Lingxin, Sun Luning
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Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071
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| Abstract: |
| The successful culture of the bay scallop, Argopecten irradians introduced from the U. S. to China in 1982 eventually gave rise to a huge mariculture industry in 10 years. After years of continuous artificial culture and with increased scale of its mass culture, many problems such as high mortality caused by diseases, a tendency towards smaller size growth, decrease in yield per unit production and lower yield rate of adductor muscles, etc, propped out causing great concern among mariculturists. As weakening of germ plasm due to continuous inbreeding for over 11 generations could possibly have led to the above deplorable situation reintroduction of new bay scallop broodstock was resorted to. A batch of parent bay scallop Argopecten irradians introduced from Canada in December 1991 and artificially cultured by the Liaoning Province Fisheries Institute successfully produced the F, generation in 1992. From the Liaoning Province Fisheries Institute we obtained (in 1993) 42 parent broodstock which spawned and produced fertilized eggs amounting to 5×106 in April 29th, with hatching rate of 70% and eyed larvae metamorphosis rate of 90.5%. Subsequent rearing gave rise to 2 890 000 F2 generation spats with shell height attaining 3.0 - 5.0 mm. On the l7th - 22nd of May, the spats were used by 12 pilot culture sites distributed along the Shandong coastal regions for intermediate rearing and growing experiments. A total of 1164000 commercial size seed scallops (with average shell height of 5.9 mm) was harvested with retention rate of 40%. Culture results from the 12 pilot culture sites show that the newly introduced bay scallops show far more superior culture qualities than the original bay scallop population. For example, in terms of growth increment, the newly introduced scallops at harvest time had an averaged respectively 9%, 7% and 34% increase in shell height, body thickness, and body weight over those of the original population. Experiments on growth increment carried out in Laizhou Bay showed that on July 17, the average shell height and body weight of the newly introduced bay scallop were at first less than those of the original population, but by the later half of August, the former caught up with the latter, and by September, had greater shell height and body weight than the latter (Fig. 2) , and higher (by 11%) adductor muscle yield rate than the former. All the above indices of improvement add up to show that the goal of broodstock restoration was achieved by the process of reintroduction of new broodstocks. In 1994 all over Qingdao the original population was replaced by scallops bred from the newly introduced broodstock. The following year seedlings from the Qingdao newly bred population were introduced for culture in other districts of Shandong Province and subsequently in Hebei Province and Liaoning Province. Thus it is clear that the decline in productiveness of the original bay scallop population was caused by continuous inbreeding over many years leading to loss of vigor of the broodstock germ plasm. |
| Key words: Bay scallop, Reintroduction, Restoration |
