| 摘要: |
| 于1989-1990年，用组织切片技术，结合外观特征，在光镜水平对浙北地区的中华绒螯蟹卵巢发育周期进行组织学、细胞学观察，并对从卵原细胞增殖到卵母细胞生长、卵子成熟及卵巢退化、重新发生等进行系统观察研究。研究表明，中华绒螯蟹可以观察到第一次成熟分裂中期相为成熟卵的标志，并以此标志将卵子发生分成四期、卵巢发育分成VII期。结果还表明，中华绒螯蟹雌蟹的成熟时间因所处的地理纬度不同而有所差异，浙北地区雌蟹促产怀卵的最佳时间是3月份并延至4月上旬；卵子必须借助海水及交配活动刺激才能达到成熟；因故无法产卵或一直生活在淡水中的成熟雌蟹其整个卵巢即退化，退化卵巢亦能重新发生，新生卵子的形态、发育时序与首次等待青春期蜕壳的蟹一致；孵后母蟹不仅能继续蜕壳生长，其卵巢也能重新发生，新生卵子的形态、发育时序如前一致；但在卵巢结构上彼此又有明显的区别。 |
| 关键词: 中华绒螯蟹 卵子发生 卵巢发育周期 组织学与细胞学 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:农业部重点科研项目，8604－4号 |
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| HISTOLOGICAL AND CYTOLOGICAL OBSERVATION ON THE DEVELOPMENT CYCLE OF CRAB (ERIOCHEIR SINENSIS) OVARY |
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Gu Zhimin, He Lingang
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Zhejiang Institute of Freshwater Fisheries, Huzhou 313001
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| Abstract: |
| Based on comparison of internal and external features of ovary development, and its histological and cytological observation with tissue section technique, the ovary development cycle in pubertal female crabs (Eriocheir sinensis) collected in north Zhejiang Province from Aug. 1989 to Jun. 1990, was investigated, from multiplication of oogoniumto growth of oocyte, physiological maturation of ovum, degeneration and regeneration of ovary etc. Groups of ten crabs hatched in a pool (with salinity 12, above 7°C, seawater from Huzhou Gulf) were used for the experiment. The crab ovum was multi-yolked but the metaphase of the first division could be observed and regarded as the marker of ovum maturation. The crab oogenesis can be divided into four stages, oogonium stage, oocyte I minor growth stage, oocyte I major growth stage (further divided into antephage, metaphage and postphage) and ovum maturation stage. The ovary development cycle can be divided into seven stages according to the oogenesis and degeneration and regeneration of the ovary. Stage I ovary mainly consists of multiplying and differentiating oogonium. Stage II ovary mainly consists of oocyte I in minor growth and stage III consists of oocyte in major growth ante-phage and metaphage with yolk accumulation. Oocyte I in major growth postphage is observed in stage IV ovary with yolk growth and genesis ended. Stage V ovary is characterized by maturated ovum with first division metaphage nucleus; the crab can spawn then. Stage VI ovary consists of degenerated ovum; absorption begins. Stage VII ovary consists of some unabsorbed degenerated ovum and vesicles, formed from degenerated ovum absorbed by follic cells, and neogenesis oocyte in major growth ante-phase. The ovary maturation season was studied with female crabs collected from Hebei (40°N), Anhui (33°N) , northem Zhejiang (31°N) and southern Zhejiang (28°N). The ovum maturation season varied in different latitude. The crabs in northern Zhejiang Province maturated from March to April, and in May almost every crab degenerated in the ovary. The ovum could reach maturation only with the help of seawater and mating activities. When the female stayed in freshwater, the ovary would degenerate and the degenerated ovum will be adsorbed by the follic cells. Neogenesis ovum, which is identical in morphology and development with the pubertal female crabs, can be observed at the same time. Molting and ovary regeneration could be observed in the spawned crabs but there are differences between the tissue structures of the pubertal crabs, the crabs with ovary-adsorption and the spawned crabs. |
| Key words: Eriocheir sinensis, Ovum generation, Ovarian development cycle, Histological and cytological characterics |
