| 摘要: |
| 采用胸腔注射植物凝集素（PHA）、秋水仙素，以大刺鳅（Mastacembelus armatus）头肾组织为材料，低渗处理，空气干燥法进行染色体标本制备，分析其染色体核型。结果显示：大刺鳅的二倍体染色体数目为2n=48，其核型公式为2n=14m+34t，NF=62。对24尾大刺鳅线粒体Cyt b基因和D-loop序列进行测序分析，结果表明：（1）大刺鳅Cyt b基因、D-loop序列长度分别为1438bp、895bp，两个基因的单倍型多样性分别为0.656和0.541，核苷酸多样性分别为0.00539和0.00817，平均核苷酸差异数分别为5.938和6.805，说明该种群的遗传多样性丰富。（2）两个基因的每个个体的遗传距离分别为0.000—0.018和0.000—0.026，说明该种群个体间的遗传距离小。（3）中性检验的Tajima’s D检验及Fu's Fs检验的结果说明该种群没有发生过扩张。结果说明北江大刺鳅的遗传多样性水平较高，可用于人工繁育。 |
| 关键词: 大刺鳅 核型 Cyt b基因 D-loop 遗传多样性 |
| DOI：10.11693/hyhz20181100275 |
| 分类号:Q953;S965 |
| 基金项目:中国-东盟海上合作基金项目，2018.01—2020.12；国家公益性行业（农业）重大专项，201303048号；广东省海洋渔业科技攻关与研发项目，A201601A05号，2017A0007号；广州大学第十六届“挑战杯”立项项目。 |
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| THE KARYOTYPE PATTERN AND GENETIC DIVERSITY OF MITOCHONDRIAL DNA Cyt b GENE AND D-LOOP SEQUENCE IN MASTACEMBELUS ARMTUS BEIJIANG RIVER, SOUTH CHINA |
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LI Fen, CHEN Qi-Ping, HE Pei-Ying, HUANG Xiao-Qi, CHEN Zhong-Kai, ZHOU Hui-Qiang, ZHONG Dong-Ming, SHU Hu
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College of Life Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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| Abstract: |
| To study and protect the resource of fish Mastacembelus armatus in the Beijiang River, Guangdong, South China, 24 individuals were sampled in the river reaches and their chromosomes karyotypes were analyzed. PHA (phytohemagglutinin) and colchicines were injected in vivo, and the kidney cells were collected and hypotonically air-dried. The results show that, the diploid chromosome number of M. armatus is 48 and the karyotype formula is 2n=14m+34t, NF=62. In addition, the sequences of Cyt b gene and D-loop were analyzed using PCR and DNA sequencing, from which a 1438-bp Cyt b gene and a 895-bp D-loop were obtained. The haplotype diversity of the two genes is 0.656 and 0.541, the nucleotide diversity 0.00539 and 0.00817, and the average number of nucleotide differences 5.938 and 6.805, respectively, indicating an obvious population genetic diversity. The genetic distance of each individual of the two genes are 0.000-0.018 and 0.000-0.026, respectively, showing a close genetic distance. Moreover, the population size has not changed as shown in Tajima's D and Fu's Fs tests. Therefore, the genetic diversity of the M. armatus population in Beijiang River regions is intermediate, and the species can be used for artificial breeding. |
| Key words: Mastacembelus armatus chromosomes karyotype Cyt b gene D-loop genetic diversity |
