| 摘要: |
| 为探究菲律宾蛤仔（Ruditapes philippinarum）筏式养殖模式可行性，在我国黄海北部首次开展了菲律宾蛤仔"斑马蛤2号"新品种的筏式与底播养殖模式对比试验。采用平均壳长为2.37 cm，平均全湿重为2.99 g规格的"斑马蛤2号"苗种为试验材料，对两种养殖方式的"斑马蛤2号"生长、存活、营养成分进行比较分析，结果表明，筏式养殖"斑马蛤2号"夏季（4-7月）壳长、壳宽、壳高、全湿重、软体重的相对生长速率分别比底播养殖"斑马蛤2号"快149.54%、100.61%、116.30%、152.25%、132.58%（P<0.05）。筏式养殖"斑马蛤2号"存活率为90%以上，显著高于底播养殖（P<0.05）。两种养殖方式的"斑马蛤2号"水分、灰分、粗蛋白、糖原、脂肪酸等营养成分季节变化规律基本一致。筏式养殖"斑马蛤2号"冬季糖原、单不饱和脂肪酸含量明显高于底播养殖"斑马蛤2号"（P<0.05）。研究表明，当年10月采用多层聚乙烯网笼按密度为150-200粒/层放养菲律宾蛤仔"斑马蛤2号"大规格苗种（平均壳长为2.37 cm，平均全湿重为2.99 g），可于翌年的4月、7月、10月收获平均壳长为3.03、3.36、3.51 cm的市场规格产品。筏式养殖模式具有存活率高的优点。"斑马蛤2号"筏式养殖模式试验的成功为蛤仔健康养殖提供了新途径。 |
| 关键词: 菲律宾蛤仔 筏式养殖 底播养殖 生长 存活 营养成分 |
| DOI：10.11693/hyhz20210500125 |
| 分类号:S967.7 |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划"蓝色粮仓科技创新项目",2019YFD0900704号,2018YFD0901404号;财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系资助;辽宁省"兴辽英才计划"项目,XLYC1807271号;辽宁省高等学校海洋产业技术研究院项目,2018-CY-31号;大连市支持高层次人才创新创业项目,2017RQ062号。 |
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| COMPARISON IN GROWTH AND NUTRITION OF NEW MANILA CLAM BREED “ZC II” CULTURED IN RAFT HANGING AND BOTTOM SOWING MODELS |
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TIAN Yuan1, JIN Yan1, CHEN Wei2, LI Cui-Cui1, WANG Fan1, YU Xin1, CHE Zong-Hao1, LIU Kuo1, LIANG Teng1, HUO Zhong-Ming1, YAN Xi-Wu1
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1.Dalian Ocean University, Engineering and Technology Research Center of Shellfish Breeding in Liaoning Province, Dalian 116023, China;2.Dalian Ocean University, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Aquaculture Education, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
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| Abstract: |
| To optimize the culture production of new clam breed "ZC II" of Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum in the northern Yellow Sea, two culture modes of raft hanging and bottom sowing were tested. The breed "ZC II" were seeded in density of 150-200 ind./m2 in October, 2018, and the growth parameters were accessed in April, July, and October of the next year. Seasonal variations in growth and survival rates, and the nutritional components were measured. Results show that from April to July, the relative growth rates of the shell length, shell width, shell height, total wet weight, and soft body weight of those on floating rafts were 149.54%, 100.61%, 116.30%, 152.25% and 132.58% higher than those of the bottom sown ones, respectively (P<0.05). However, the contents of water, ash, crude protein, glycogen, and fatty acids showed no significant seasonal differences between the two cultural models. The contents of glycogen and fatty acids of the floating-rafts-cultured "ZC II" were much higher than those of the bottom-sown ones' (P<0.05) especially in winter. Clams harvested in April, July, and October reached the mean shell lengths of 3.03, 3.36, and 3.51 cm, respectively. Apparently, the raft hanging aquaculture model for the Manila clam was better than bottom sowing, featuring easy harvest, no sand, high survival rate, and balanced nutrients. The successful cultivation of "ZC II" on floating rafts is of great importance for improving the commercial value of Manila clam and promoting the quality and efficacy of the Manila clam industry. |
| Key words: Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum raft hanging aquaculture bottom sowing aquaculture growth survival nutritional components |
