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| 热带典型珊瑚岛礁海洋牧场花刺参底播增殖容量及其生态效应预测 |
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马文刚1, 尹洪洋1, 孙春阳1, 王兆国2, 魏一凡1, 冯博轩1, 奉杰3, 许强1, 李秀保1, 王爱民1
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1.海南大学海洋学院 南海海洋资源利用国家重点实验室 海南海口 570228;2.大连海洋大学 辽宁大连 116023;3.中国科学院海洋研究所 山东青岛 266071
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| 摘要: |
| 为改善热带珊瑚岛礁型海洋牧场的珊瑚礁生境,实现生物资源的养护和渔业资源的产出功能,在对海参等高值经济种开展底播增殖前,科学评估其生态容量是防止引发海洋牧场生态风险的重要保证。运用生态系统模型法评估了三亚蜈支洲岛热带珊瑚岛礁海洋牧场花刺参(Stichopus monotuberculatus)的底播增殖容量。根据2020~2021年蜈支洲岛海洋牧场近岛区渔业资源调查与环境因子数据,运用Ecopath with Ecosim 6.6软件构建了该海域的生态系统营养通道模型。研究表明:生态系统各功能组营养级范围介于1~3.52,系统的食物网结构以牧食食物链为主,总能流中有43%的能量来源于碎屑功能组,其在系统总能流中有重要地位。系统的总平均能量传递效率为9.353%,略低于林德曼能量传递效率(10%)。总初级生产量/总呼吸量为3.726,总初级生产量/总生物量为28.834,系统连接指数为0.256,杂食性指数为0.120,系统Finn's循环指数和平均路径长度分别为2.485%和2.379,表明近岛区生态系统食物网结构较为简单,且系统稳定性和成熟度偏低,易受外界干扰。根据模型评估的花刺参增殖生态容量为110.21 t/km2,是现存量的206 倍,有较大增殖空间,并且达到生态容量后碎屑组的能量再循环利用效率将显著增加,营养级结构能得到进一步优化,系统稳定性及成熟度将有所提高。基于研究结果,可适当采捕与花刺参生态位相近的生物,同时增殖放流其他处于不同营养层次的经济种,从而减少种间竞争,有效利用系统冗余能量,进而扩大花刺参的生态容量,实现海洋牧场的健康可持续发展。 |
| 关键词: 花刺参 生态容量 Ecopath模型 海洋牧场 |
| DOI：10.11693/hyhz20220400092 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:海南省重点研发计划课题,ZDYF2021XDNY130号;国家重点研发计划课题,2019YFD0901304号;国家自然科学基金,42076097号;海南省自然科学基金,2019RC070号。 |
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| THE ECOLOGICAL CARRYING CAPACITY OF STICHOPUS MONOTUBERCULATUS AND ECOLOGICAL EFFECT PREDICTION IN A TROPICAL CORAL REEF ISLAND MARINE RANCHING AREA |
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MA Wen-Gang1, YIN Hong-Yang1, SUN Chun-Yang1, WANG Zhao-Guo2, WEI Yi-Fan1, FENG Bo-Xuan1, FENG Jie3, XU Qiang1, LI Xiu-Bao1, WANG Ai-Min1
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1.College of Marine Science, Hainan University, State Key Laboratory of Marine Resources Utilization in South China Sea, Haikou 570228, China;2.Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China;3.Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
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| Abstract: |
| Scientific assessment of ecological capacity of high-value economic species such as sea cucumbers before bottom-seeding proliferation is a guarantee to prevent ecological risks of marine ranches, and is also an important way to improve the coral reef habitat in tropical marine ranches and realize the protection and output function of fishery resources. In this study, the ecological carrying capacity of bottom cultured sea cucumber S. monotuberculatus was assessed at the tropical marine ranching area of Wuzhizhou Island using ecological modeling method. Based on the data of fishery resources and environmental factors in the near island area of Wuzhizhou Island marine ranching area from 2020 to 2021, we built an ecosystem trophic mass balance model using the Ecopath with Ecosim 6.6 software. The research found that the trophic level of each functional group in the ecosystem ranged from 1 to 3.52. The food web structure was dominated by the grazing food chain; meanwhile, the detritus functional group accounted for 43% of the energy source and played an important role in the total energy flow of the system. The total transfer efficiency of the system was 9.353%, which is slightly lower than the Lindemann efficiency (10%). The ratio of total primary production vs total respiration was 3.726, and that of total primary production vs total biomass was 28.834. The system connectivity index was 0.256, the omnivorous index was 0.120, and the Finn's cycle index and average path length were 2.485% and 2.379, respectively. The results showed that the food web structure of the ecosystem was relatively simple, the system stability and maturity were low, and it was vulnerable to external interference. The ecological carrying capacity of S. monotuberculatus assessed by the model is 110.21 t/km2, which is 206 times of the existing stock, and there is a large space for proliferation. In addition, reaching the ecological capacity can significantly increase the energy recycling efficiency of the detritus functional group, further optimize the trophic level structure, and improve the stability and maturity of the ecosystem. Therefore, species with similar ecological niche to S. monotuberculatus can be harvested appropriately, and at the same time, proliferate and release other economic species at different trophic levels can effectively reduce interspecies competition and utilize the redundant energy of the system, so as to expand the ecological capacity of S. monotuberculatus and realize the healthy and sustainable development of the marine ranching area. |
| Key words: Stichopus monotuberculatus ecological carrying capacity Ecopath model marine ranching |
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