| 摘要: |
| 为摸清福建兴化湾大型底栖动物的种类组成、生物多样性分布格局以及受扰动情况, 于2013年7月、9月以及2014年2月、4月共四个航次进行了大型底栖动物调查。采用优势度指数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Margalef’s丰富度指数和Pielou’s均匀度指数等方法, 分析了该海域大型底栖动物的种类组成和生物多样性分布。结果表明, 研究海域共鉴定出大型底栖动物132种, 包括多毛类58种, 甲壳类27种, 软体动物33种, 其他门类14种。四个季节的共同优势种均为多毛类, 包括多鳃齿吻沙蚕(Nephtys polybranchia), 寡鳃齿吻沙蚕(Nephtys oligobranchia), 中蚓虫(Mediomastus californiensis)和异足索沙蚕(Lumbrineris heteropoda)。研究海域大型底栖动物的平均生物量为39.42g/m2; 平均栖息密度为311.67 个/m2; 栖息密度和生物量平均值2014年4月最高(398个/m2, 63.23g/m2), 2013年7月航次最低(252个/m2, 7.77g/m2)。不同站位, 栖息密度和生物量不同。栖息密度最大值出现在1号站位(738个/m2), 最低值为12号站位(90个/m2)。而生物量平均最大值出现在15号站位(108.17g/m2), 最低值出现在22号站位(8.72g/m2)。丰富度指数、均匀度指数、Shannon-Wiener 多样性指数的平均值分别为2.81、0.87 和2.73, 这三个指数, 9月份均为最大, 分别为3.20、0.93、3.12, 4月份最小, 分别为2.09、0.78、2.05。生物多样性指数和丰富度指数均表明福建兴化湾大型底栖动物群落受到一定的扰动。 |
| 关键词: 大型底栖动物 种类组成 生物多样性 兴化湾 |
| DOI：10.11759/hykx20150316005 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(41576135); 中国海洋大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项项目(201462008) |
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| Species composition and biodiversity of macrofauna in Xinghua Bay, Fujian |
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DENG Yu-juan1,2, DONG Shu-gang1, LIU Xiao-shou1
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1.College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China;2.Qingdao Marine Technical College
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| Abstract: |
| Species composition, biodiversity distribution pattern, and disturbance status of macrofauna were analyzed by quantitative investigations of macrobenthic community in July–September 2013 and February–April 2014 in Xinghua Bay, Fujian. Dominance index, Shannon–Wiener diversity index, Margalef’s richness index, and Pielou’s evenness index were used to analyze the species composition and biodiversity distribution pattern of macrofauna. In total, 132 species of macrofauna were identified in Xinghua Bay, Fujian, consisting of 58 species of polychaetes, 27 species of crustaceans, 33 species of mollusks, and 14 species of other phyla. The most dominant group was Polychaeta in the four cruises, which included Nephtys polybranchia, N. oligobranchia, Mediomastus californiensis, and Lumbrineris heteropoda. The average biomass of macrofauna in Xinghua Bay was 311.67 g/m2 and the average density was 39.42 ind/m2. The highest values of average biomass and density were observed in April 2014 (398 ind/m2 and 63.23 g/m2, respectively), while the lowest values were observed in July 2013 (252 ind/m2 and 7.77 g/m2, respectively). The biomass and density of macrofauna at different stations varied significantly in the studied area. The highest density was observed at Station 1 (738 ind/m2) and the lowest at Station 12 (90 ind/m2). The highest biomass was observed at Station 15 (108.17 g/m2) and the lowest at Station 22 (8.72 g/m2). The average values of the three biodiversity indices were 2.81 (Margalef’s richness index), 0.87 (Pielou’s evenness index), and 2.727 (Shannon-Wiener diversity index) and varied in different seasons. The highest values were observed in September 2013 (3.20, 0.93, and 3.12, respectively) and the lowest values in April 2014 (2.09, 0.78, and 2.05, respectively). The pattern of biodiversity indices indicated that the macrofauna communities were under disturbance in Xinghua Bay, Fujian. |
| Key words: macrofauna species composition biodiversity Xinghua Bay |
