引用本文:	杨皓月,邢荣娥,刘松,于华华,李鹏程.海洋脊椎动物甲状腺系统的研究与应用[J].海洋科学,2020,44(8):118-129.

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海洋脊椎动物甲状腺系统的研究与应用
杨皓月^1,2,3, 邢荣娥^1,2,3, 刘松^1,2,3, 于华华^1,2,3, 李鹏程^1,2,3
1.中国科学院海洋研究所实验海洋生物学重点实验室, 山东青岛 266071;2.青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室海洋药物与生物制品功能实验室, 山东青岛 266237;3.中国科学院海洋大科学研究中心, 山东青岛 266071

摘要:

甲状腺（Glandula thyreoidea）是海洋脊椎动物体内重要的内分泌腺，从海洋脊椎动物开始，才有了独立的甲状腺结构。海洋脊椎动物的甲状腺一般为实质性的组织。实质由甲状腺滤泡组成，构成滤泡的上皮细胞合成、贮存和分泌的甲状腺激素是调节机体生长发育的关键激素。从海洋脊椎动物开始才有了独立的甲状腺结构。对于动物甲状腺的研究多集中在甲状腺形态及甲状腺与生长发育关系方面，而对海洋脊椎动物的甲状腺的研究则越来越多的集中于环境因素所引起的甲状腺病变方面，环境因素对甲状腺功能的影响也逐渐成为科学研究的重点。海洋水体污染导致的甲状腺机能受损，使海洋脊椎动物不能正常生长发育，数目与种类骤减之时，我们不得不重视对海洋脊椎动物甲状腺的研究。

关键词: 海洋脊椎动物甲状腺形态功能

DOI：10.11759/hykx20200120003

分类号:Q952.5

基金项目:山东省重点研发计划（2019GHY112015，2019YYSP028）

Study and application of thyroid system in marine vertebrates

YANG Hao-yue^1,2,3, XING Rong-e^1,2,3, LIU Song^1,2,3, YU Hua-hua^1,2,3, LI Peng-cheng^1,2,3

1.Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China;2.National Laboratory of Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China;3.Marine Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China

Abstract:

The thyroid gland (Glandula thyreoidea) is an important endocrine gland in marine vertebrates. The thyroid gland of marine vertebrates is generally substantive, which is composed of thyroid follicles. Epithelial cells that make up the follicles synthesize, store, and secrete thyroid hormones that are the key hormones, regulating the growth and development of the body. Independent thyroid structures did not develop until marine vertebrates evolved. Most studies on the thyroid gland in animals focus on the thyroid morphology and the relationship between thyroid and growth and development, whereas the studies on thyroid gland in marine vertebrates are increasingly focused on the thyroid lesions caused by environmental factors; the effect of environmental factors on thyroid function has gradually become the focus of scientific research. Marine vertebrates are unable to grow and develop normally because of the damage to the thyroid function due to marine water pollution. When the number and species of marine vertebrates sharply decrease, we will have to pay attention to further studies on the thyroid in marine vertebrates.

Key words: marine vertebrates thyroid morphology function