引用本文:	刘明杰,徐少春,岳世栋,张乃星,王岚,蒲思潮,鲍萌萌,王惠,徐鑫,董家锁,周兴,张晓梅,周毅.山东青岛古镇口湾海草床分布现状及生态特征[J].海洋科学,2025,49(4):76-83.

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山东青岛古镇口湾海草床分布现状及生态特征
刘明杰^1,2, 徐少春¹, 岳世栋¹, 张乃星³, 王岚³, 蒲思潮³, 鲍萌萌⁴, 王惠⁴, 徐鑫⁵, 董家锁⁵, 周兴⁶, 张晓梅¹, 周毅^1,4,7,2
1.中国科学院海洋生态与环境科学重点实验室, 山东青岛 266071;2.中国科学院大学, 北京 100049;3.自然资源部北海预报减灾中心, 山东青岛 266061;4.自然资源部黄渤海温带海草床生态系统野外科学观测研究站, 山东青岛 266033;5.青岛金沙海洋科技有限公司, 山东青岛 266408;6.青岛西海岸新区海洋事业发展中心, 山东青岛 266400;7.青岛海洋科技中心海洋生态与环境科学功能实验室, 山东青岛 266237

摘要:

海草广泛分布于热带和温带沿岸水域, 发挥着重要的生态服务功能。近年来我国海草资源严重衰退, 亟需开展保护修复工作, 以遏制海草的退化。前期走访调查时在青岛古镇口湾内发现海草斑块并呈退化趋势, 遂尝试开展了海草修复工作。本研究利用声呐探测技术结合站点调查对保护修复后的海草床分布情况、海草生物学特征以及环境因子进行了调查。结果表明, 古镇口湾海草床为单种鳗草(Zostera marina L.)海草床, 分布面积目前已恢复至20.42 hm², 外围面积约55 hm²。草床内鳗草生长状况较好, 2023年11月鳗草植被盖度、茎枝密度、茎枝高度和生物量分别为(67.22 ± 22.63)%、(599.59 ± 217.94) shoots·m^-2、(32.36 ± 7.28) cm、(204.27 ± 89.64) g DW·m^-2, 鳗草组织中碳、氮元素的平均质量分数为(33.02 ± 2.85)%、(2.11 ± 0.89)%。调查过程中发现草床周边仍存在较为强烈的人为干扰, 且该草床分布纬度较低, 相较于我国其他鳗草草床易受全球持续变暖的影响, 为防止海草床的持续衰退, 建议应进一步通过设立海草床保护区、加强人工修复及科普宣传力度等措施对该海草床进行有效保护和科学管理。

关键词: 鳗草|单波束声呐|山东半岛|物种分布|水深

DOI：10.11759/hykx20241225002

分类号:Q178.53;Q948

基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目(2024YFF1306803);国家自然科学基金项目(32270405;42206142)

Distribution status and ecological characteristics of seagrass beds in the Guzhenkou Bay, Qingdao, Shandong Province

LIU Mingjie^1,2, XU Shaochun¹, YUE Shidong¹, ZHANG Naixing³, WANG Lan³, PU Sichao³, BAO Mengmeng⁴, WANG Hui⁴, XU Xin⁵, DONG Jiasuo⁵, ZHOU Xing⁶, ZHANG Xiaomei¹, ZHOU Yi^1,4,7,2

1.CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China;2.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;3.North Sea Forecast and Disaster Reduction Center, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China;4.Field Scientific Observation and Research Station of Yellow-Bohai Sea Temperate Seagrass Bed Ecosystems, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266033, China;5.Qingdao Jinsha Marine Technology Limited Company, Qingdao 266408, China;6.Qingdao West Coast New Area Marine Industry Development Center, Qingdao 266400, China;7.Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao 266237, China

Abstract:

Seagrasses are extensively distributed across tropical and temperate coastal waters, where they play a crucial role in providing ecological services. However, in recent years, seagrass resources in China have severely declined, necessitating conservation and restoration efforts to curb seagrass degradation. Preliminary surveys in Guzhenkou Bay, Qingdao, identified seagrass patches exhibiting signs of degradation, resulting in the initiation of seagrass restoration efforts. This study employed sonar detection technology along with station-based investigations to assess the distribution of restored seagrass beds, along with their biological characteristics and associated environmental factors. The findings indicated that the seagrass bed in Guzhenkou Bay consists of a single species, Zostera marina L., with the current restored area spanning 20.42 hm², surrounding a peripheral region measuring 55 hm². The growth condition of Z. marina within the seagrass bed was favorable, as indicated by data collected in November 2023: vegetation cover of (67.22 ± 22.63)%, shoot density of (599.59 ± 217.94) shoots m^-2, shoot height of (32.36 ± 7.28) cm, and biomass of (204.27 ± 89.64) g DW m^-2. The average carbon and nitrogen content in seagrass tissues was measured at (33.02 ± 2.85) % and (2.11 ± 0.89)%, respectively. During the investigation, significant anthropogenic disturbances were observed around the seagrass bed. Additionally, due to its lower latitude, the seagrass bed is more susceptible to the ongoing effects of global warming compared with other Z. marina meadows in China. To prevent further degradation of the seagrass bed, it is recommended to implement effective protection and scientific management measures, including establishing seagrass bed protection zones, enhancing restoration efforts, and increasing public awareness.

Key words: Zostera marina|single beam sonar|Shandong Peninsula|species distribution|water depth