| 引用本文: | 曹佐明,徐洪强,朱杰,董迎辉.缢蛏与近江蛏种间杂交子代高盐耐受性分析[J].海洋科学,2026,50(2):1-12. |
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| 缢蛏与近江蛏种间杂交子代高盐耐受性分析 |
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曹佐明1,2, 徐洪强3, 朱杰3, 董迎辉2
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1.浙江万里学院 生物与环境学院 浙江省水产种质资源高效利用技术研究重点实验室, 浙江 宁波 315100;2.浙江万里学院 现代农学院, 浙江 宁波 315101;3.浙江万里学院 宁海海洋生物种业研究院, 浙江 宁海 315604
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| 摘要: |
| 本研究比较分析了缢蛏(Sinonovacula constricta)与近江蛏(S. rivularis)正、反交杂交子代的高盐耐受性及其在高盐胁迫下生理代谢及相关酶活性差异。通过测定不同盐度梯度下CR(缢蛏♀×近江蛏♂)、RC(近江蛏♀×缢蛏♂)、CC(缢蛏♀×缢蛏♂)和RR(近江蛏♀×近江蛏♂)组存活情况, 计算半致死浓度; 同时评估了盐度23~30时各组耗氧率、排氨率、摄食率以及渗透调节关键酶Na+-K+-ATPase(NKA)、碳酸酐酶(CA)和V-H+-ATPase(VHA)酶活性的动态变化。结果显示, CR、RC、CC和RR组96 h半致死盐度分别为31.08、28.83、35.93和21.76。在盐度23~30范围内, 各组耗氧率、排氨率、摄食率等生理指标均随盐度增加而降低; 其中正、反交杂交组的各项生理指标均显著高于缢蛏(P<0.05), 表现出较高的代谢能力。基于不同盐度下各生理指标的显著差异, 进一步测定了盐度25和30下渗透调节关键酶活性变化。随着胁迫时间延长, CR、RC和CC组的NKA和CA酶活性先升高后降低, 并于96 h后趋于稳定。在盐度25时, CR与RC组的NKA和CA酶活性显著高于CC组(P<0.05), 而在盐度30时则显著低于CC组(P<0.05); CR、RC和CC组的VHA酶活性变化趋势也基本一致, 即均随胁迫时间延长呈先下降后升高的变化趋势。综上表明, 杂交子代在低于盐度27时具有更高的代谢能力(P<0.05), 当盐度达到30时杂交蛏渗透压调节与代谢能力显著下降(P<0.05)。本研究为蛏类杂交子代的养殖实践、盐度耐受性生理机制解析奠定了理论基础, 并为后续蛏类耐高盐新品系的培育提供了宝贵信息。 |
| 关键词: 缢蛏 近江蛏 杂交子代 高盐胁迫 生理代谢 酶活 |
| DOI：10.11759/hykx20251027002 |
| 分类号:S917.4 |
| 基金项目:浙江省农业新品种选育重大科技专项课题(2021C02069-7); 宁波市重大科技攻关暨“揭榜挂帅”项目(2021Z114); 宁波市公益性科技计划项目(2023S144) |
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| High salinity tolerance analysis of hybrid offspring between Sinonovacula constricta and S. rivularis |
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Cao Zuoming1,2, Xu Hongqiang3, Zhu Jie3, Dong Yinghui2
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1.Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Aquatic Germplasm Resources, College of Biological & Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo 315100, China;2.College of Modern Agriculture, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo 315101, China;3.Ninghai Marine Biological Seed Industry Research Institute, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ninghai 315604, China
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| Abstract: |
| This study analyzed the salinity tolerance, physiological metabolism, and associated enzyme activities of hybrid offspring of Sinonovacula constricta and S. rivularis under high salinity stress. The survival rates in the CR (S. constricta♀×S. rivularis♂), RC (S. rivularis♀×S. constricta♂), CC (S. constricta♀×S. constricta♂), and RR (S. rivularis♀×S. rivularis♂) groups were measured under different salinity gradients, from which the semi-lethal concentrations were calculated. Dynamic changes in oxygen consumption rate, ammonia excretion rate, feeding rate, and key osmoregulatory enzymes, i.e., Na+-K+-ATPase (NKA), carbonic anhydrase (CA), and V-H+-ATPase (VHA), were evaluated across different salinity levels, ranging from 23 to 30. The semi-lethal salinities at 96 h for the CR, RC, CC, and RR groups were 31.08, 28.83, 35.61, and 21.76, respectively. The physiological parameters (i.e., oxygen consumption rate, ammonia excretion rate, and feeding rate) followed a decreasing trend as salinity increased from 23 to 30. The physiological parameters in both reciprocal hybrid groups were significantly higher than those in S. constricta (P < 0.05), indicating the notably higher metabolic capacity of the hybrids. Owing to the significant differences observed in physiological metabolism across salinities, enzyme activities were evaluated at salinities of 25 and 30. During prolonged stress, NKA and CA activities first increased, then decreased, and finally remained stable after 96 h in the CR, RC, and CC groups. At salinity 25, NKA and CA activities were significantly higher in the CR and RC groups than in the CC group (P < 0.05); in contrast, at salinity 30, NKA and CA activities were significantly lower in the CR and RC groups than in the CC group (P < 0.05). VHA activity was similar among the CR, RC, and CC groups, exhibiting an initial decrease followed by an increase over the stress period. In summary, our results indicate that hybrid offspring exhibit higher metabolic capacity below salinity 27 (P < 0.05). However, at salinity 30, the osmoregulatory and metabolic capacities of the hybrids were significantly reduced (P < 0.05). This study provides a theoretical foundation for shaping aquaculture practices of hybrid clams and for understanding the physiological mechanisms underlying salinity tolerance, offering valuable insights for breeding new strains of S. constricta with high salinity tolerance. |
| Key words: Sinonovacula constricta S. rivularis hybrids high salinity stress physiological metabolism enzyme activity |
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