| 引用本文: | 范鑫,孙晓璇,徐荣静,成路遥,秦搏,徐文腾,孟振.星突江鲽精子诱导圆斑星鲽雌核发育和异源三倍体的研究[J].海洋科学,2026,50(2):109-118. |
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| 星突江鲽精子诱导圆斑星鲽雌核发育和异源三倍体的研究 |
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范鑫1,2, 孙晓璇2, 徐荣静3, 成路遥2, 秦搏4, 徐文腾2, 孟振2
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1.上海海洋大学水产与生命学院, 上海 201306;2.中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所, 山东 青岛 266071;3.烟台开发区天源水产有限公司, 山东 烟台 264001;4.中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所, 上海 200090
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| 摘要: |
| 圆斑星鲽(Verasper variegatus)雌性个体生长优势显著, 开展性别控制育种可充分发挥这一优势, 多倍体育种可获得不育群体, 有望提升生长速度, 二者均为提升养殖效益的重要途径。为建立高效的育种技术体系, 本研究以星突江鲽(Platichthys stellatus)精子为激活源, 成功诱导获得了圆斑星鲽雌核发育二倍体及杂交三倍体, 并对不同倍性胚胎的发育特征进行了比较分析。结果表明, 星突江鲽精子与圆斑星鲽卵子杂交亲和性较高; 在精液层厚度0.4 mm条件下, 精子遗传物质完全失活的最佳紫外线剂量为72.0 mJ·cm-2; 诱导杂交三倍体的适宜冷休克条件为受精后7 min开始, 于-1.8 ℃持续处理35~ 45 min, 此条件下三倍体率接近100%。胚胎发育比较显示, 不同倍性胚胎在发育时序、形态及孵化性能上差异显著:单倍体组表现出典型的单倍体综合征; 杂交二倍体发育最快但孵化率较低, 尾鳍褶体表呈黄绿色色素; 雌核发育二倍体胚胎发育形态与对照组一致, 除单倍体组外孵化率最低、畸形率最高; 杂交三倍体孵化早于普通二倍体对照组, 尾鳍褶体表色素同杂交二倍体, 但初孵仔鱼畸形率较高。综上, 本研究建立了以星突江鲽精子诱导圆斑星鲽雌核发育二倍体与杂交三倍体的稳定技术体系, 为该物种的性别控制育种、多倍体育种及种质创新提供了可靠的技术支持与理论依据。 |
| 关键词: 圆斑星鲽 星突江鲽 雌核发育 杂交三倍体 胚胎发育 |
| DOI：10.11759/hykx20260119002 |
| 分类号:S962.1 |
| 基金项目:山东省重点研发计划(农业良种工程)项目(2025LZGC039);中国水产科学研究院基本科研业务费(2025XT0502); 国家重点研发计划课题(2022YFD2400402); 国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-047-G31) |
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| Induction of gynogenesis and hybrid triploidy in spotted halibut (Verasper variegatus) using starry flounder (Platichthys stellatus) sperm |
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Fan Xin1,2, Sun Xiaoxuan2, Xu Rongjing3, Cheng Luyao2, Qin Bo4, Xu Wenteng2, Meng Zhen2
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1.College of Fisheries and Life Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China;2.Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China;3.Yantai Development Zone Tianyuan Aquatic Products Co., Ltd., Yantai 264001, China;4.East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai 200090, China
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| Abstract: |
| Female spotted halibut (Verasper variegatus) exhibit a substantial growth advantage, which can be fully exploited via sex-controlled breeding to produce all-female populations. Meanwhile, polyploid breeding can generate sterile groups, potentially enhancing growth rates. Both approaches represent important strategies for improving aquaculture efficiency. Therefore, to establish an efficient breeding technology system, sperm from the starry flounder (Platichthys stellatus) was used as an activating source in this study. By optimizing key parameters, including ultraviolet (UV) irradiation for genetic inactivation and cold shock to suppress the release of the second polar body, gynogenetic diploids and hybrid triploids of spotted halibut were successfully induced. The developmental characteristics of embryos with different ploidy levels were compared. The results showed high hybridization affinity between P. stellatus sperm and V. variegatus eggs. Under a sperm suspension depth of 0.4 mm, the optimal UV dose for complete sperm genetic inactivation was 72.0 mJ·cm-2. Furthermore, the optimal cold-shock conditions for inducing hybrid triploids were a treatment initiated at 7 min post-fertilization for 35-45 min at -1.8 ℃, under which the triploidy rate approached 100%. Comparative embryological analysis revealed considerable differences among the ploidy groups in developmental timing, morphology, and hatching performance: haploids displayed typical haploid syndrome; hybrid diploids developed fastest but had lower hatching rates and developed yellowish-green pigmentation on the tail fin fold; gynogenetic diploids exhibited embryonic morphology consistent with that of the control group but demonstrated the lowest hatching rate and highest deformity rate (excluding haploids); hybrid triploids hatched earlier than normal diploid controls and shared the same yellowish-green pigmentation as hybrid diploids, but the newly hatched larvae presented a higher deformity rate. In summary, this study establishes a stable technical system for inducing gynogenetic diploids and hybrid triploids in spotted halibut using P. stellatus sperm, thereby providing reliable technical support and a theoretical basis for sex-control breeding, polyploid breeding, and germplasm innovation in this species. |
| Key words: Verasper variegatus Platichthys stellatus gynogenesis hybrid triploid embryonic development |
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