| 摘要: |
| 微藻作为水生生态系统的主要初级生产者, 其种群及群落动态对环境变化非常敏感, 是生态响应的重要指标。传统研究方法在揭示微藻分子响应机制方面仍存在局限, 而组学技术的快速发展为深入理解微藻对环境变化, 尤其是低温等极端环境的响应机制提供了强大工具。微藻在环境变化下的分子响应涉及基因表达调控、蛋白功能变化以及代谢重构等多层次过程, 组学技术从不同角度解析这些机制, 揭示微藻如何应对环境胁迫。本文综述了基因组学、转录组学、蛋白质组学和代谢组学在微藻对环境响应机制中的研究进展, 涵盖微藻的生理过程、种间互作、群落结构变化, 并对组学的研究前景进行了总结与展望。本文认为, 未来的研究趋势将聚焦于多组学(multi-omics)数据的整合构建, 从基因到表型的系统性模型, 更加准确、全面地阐明微藻为适应环境变化的分子调控机制。 |
| 关键词: 多组学 微藻 环境响应 低温水体 |
| DOI：10.11759/hykx20251118002 |
| 分类号:N19 |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金重点项目(U24A20582) |
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| Microalgae response mechanisms to environmental stress from a multi-omics perspective: a review |
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Pi Shengjun1, Zhang Yiwen1, Li Zhijun2, Zhan Jingjing1
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1.College of Chemical Engineering, Ocean and Life Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124221, China;2.Key Laboratory of Coastal and Offshore Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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| Abstract: |
| As dominant primary producers in aquatic ecosystems, microalgae exhibit population- and community-level dynamics that are highly sensitive to environmental changes, rendering them crucial bioindicators of ecological shifts. While traditional research methodologies remain limited in elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying microalgal responses, the rapid evolution of “omics” technologies offers powerful tools for probing intricate adaptations to environmental fluctuations, particularly extreme conditions such as low temperatures. The molecular responses of microalgae to environmental stressors encompass multilayered processes, including gene-expression regulation, functional-level proteomic alterations, and metabolic remodeling. Omics methods provide multidimensional insights into these mechanisms, clarifying how microalgae cope with environmental stresses. This thesis reviews recent technological advances in genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics for studying microalgal environmental responses, encompassing physiological processes, interspecific associations, and community-level structural dynamics. Furthermore, it summarizes and prospects for future trajectories of omics research. Such studies should likely focus on integrating multi-omics data to construct systematic models spanning from genotype to phenotype. These integrative approaches are essential for accurately and comprehensively elucidating molecular regulatory networks that govern microalgal adaptation to environmental changes. |
| Key words: multi-omics microalgae environmental response low-temperature aquatic environments |
