| 引用本文: | 何云霞,张天若,崔正国,曲克明,宋盈盈,周韵,隋金昌,陈剑磊.海水与水产品中氯霉素分析检测技术研究进展[J].海洋科学,2025,49(8):84-96. |
| |
|
| |
|
|
| 本文已被：浏览 169次 下载 65次 |
码上扫一扫！ |
|
|
| 海水与水产品中氯霉素分析检测技术研究进展 |
|
何云霞1,2, 张天若1,3, 崔正国1, 曲克明1, 宋盈盈1,3, 周韵1,3, 隋金昌1,3, 陈剑磊1
|
|
1.中国水产科学研究院 黄海水产研究所海水养殖生物育种与可持续产出全国重点实验室, 山东 青岛 266071;2.天津农学院 水产学院, 天津 300392;3.大连海洋大学 水产与生命学院, 辽宁 大连 116023
|
|
| 摘要: |
| 氯霉素(Chloramphenicol,CAP)是一种通过抑制细菌核糖体功能发挥抗菌作用的广谱抗生素,自20世纪40年代应用以来,长期被用于水产养殖病害防治。然而,该药物可引发骨髓抑制性再生障碍性贫血等严重毒副作用,其硝基苯环结构在水生生物体内具有显著生物蓄积性,尽管多国已将其列为水产养殖禁用药物,但区域性违规使用现象依然存在,CAP残留不仅危害生态环境,还可以通过食物链威胁人类健康,因此建立精准高效的检测体系至关重要。本文总结归纳了海水及水产品中CAP的样品前处理及分析检测技术,在样品前处理方面,海水样品需通过过滤去除颗粒物,添加乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)等螯合剂消除金属离子干扰,并调节pH至适宜范围以提高目标物回收率;生物体样品处理较为复杂,除上述步骤外,还需通过机械振荡或超声破碎细胞结构,经离心分离后取上清液进行富集净化;检测技术方面,高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(HPLC-MS/MS)灵敏度高、特异性强,可实现对水产品中CAP痕量残留的精准定量;胶体金免疫层析法操作简便、检测快速,适用于大规模样本筛查及市场现场抽查;酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)则基于抗原-抗体特异性反应,对CAP表现出良好选择性。未来的研究应重点考虑开发高灵敏度、低成本的新型检测技术,并建立标准化检测流程以提升监管效率。 |
| 关键词: 氯霉素 样品前处理 检测方法 海洋环境 |
| DOI：10.11759/hykx20250222001 |
| 分类号:S912 |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(42406189);青岛市自然科学基金项目(23-2-1-67-zyyd-jch);山东省博士后创新人才支持计划项目(SDBX2020015) |
|
| Research progress on the analysis and detection technology of chloramphenicol in seawater and aquatic products |
|
HE Yunxia1,2, ZHANG Tianruo1,3, CUI Zhengguo1, QU Keming1, SONG Yingying1,3, ZHOU Yun1,3, SUI Jinchang1,3, CHEN Jianlei1
|
|
1.National Key Laboratory of Marine Aquaculture Biological Breeding and Sustainable Output, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China;2.Marine Products Institute, Tianjin Agricultural College, Tianjin 300392, China;3.College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
|
| Abstract: |
| Chloramphenicol (CAP), a broad-spectrum antibiotic, exerts its antibacterial effect by inhibiting the function of bacterial ribosomes. Since its application in the 1940s, this drug has long been used in aquaculture for disease prevention and control. However, CAP can cause serious toxic side effects, such as bone marrow suppression and aplastic anemia, and its nitrobenzene ring structure shows considerable bioaccumulation in aquatic organisms. Although several countries have listed CAP as a prohibited drug in aquaculture, regional violations still transpire. CAP residues not only cause harm to the ecological environment but also pose a threat to human health through the food chain. Therefore, a precise and efficient detection system must be established to address such issue. This article summarizes the sample pretreatment and analysis detection techniques for CAP in seawater and aquatic products. In terms of sample pretreatment, seawater samples are filtered to remove particulate matter, and chelating agents, such as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, are added to eliminate metal ion interference. In addition, the pH is adjusted to an appropriate range to improve the recovery rate of the target compound. The pretreatment of biological samples increases in complexity. In addition to the above steps, mechanical oscillation or ultrasonic disruption of cell structures is performed, followed by centrifugation and collection of the supernatant for enrichment and purification. Among the detection techniques, high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry exhibits high sensitivity and specificity, which enables the precise quantification of trace CAP residues in aquatic products. Colloidal gold immunochromatography involves a simple operation and offers rapid detection, making it suitable for large-scale sample screening and on-site market spot checks. In contrast, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay is based on a specific antigen-antibody reaction and shows good selectivity for CAP. Future research should focus on the development of novel detection technologies with high sensitivity and low cost and on the establishment of standardized detection procedures to enhance regulatory efficiency. |
| Key words: chloramphenicol sample pretreatment detection methods marine environment |
|
|
|
|
|
|