| 引用本文: | 俞骏,邢勤旺,方舟,陈新军.大气气溶胶对海洋生态系统影响的回顾与展望[J].海洋科学,2025,49(12):68-80. |
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| 大气气溶胶对海洋生态系统影响的回顾与展望 |
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俞骏1, 邢勤旺1, 方舟1,2,3,4, 陈新军1,2,3,4
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1.上海海洋大学 海洋生物资源与管理学院, 上海 201306;2.大洋渔业资源可持续开发教育部重点实验室, 上海 201306;3.国家远洋渔业工程技术研究中心, 上海 201306;4.农业农村部大洋渔业开发重点实验室, 上海 201306
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| 摘要: |
| 大气气溶胶是连接陆地与海洋系统的重要桥梁,在全球生物地球化学循环中作用关键,其对海洋生态系统的影响受广泛关注。大气气溶胶来源分为自然和人为两类。大气气溶胶主要化学成分有矿物质营养元素,是浮游植物生长的关键因子,但生物可利用性受多种因素影响;污染性物质,如黑碳、重金属和持久性有机污染物,会对海洋生态带来一定的危害。大气气溶胶通过干、湿沉降进入海洋,元素生态效应受海洋环境控制。大气气溶胶对海洋生态系统的影响存在区域差异,在不同区域,其对浮游生物生长、重金属含量等影响不同。对生态系统各层级生物影响也具有双重性,一方面,大气气溶胶沉降产生的微量元素可以极大促进海洋微生物、浮游植物和浮游动物生长,进一步影响渔业资源产量;另一方面,过量沉积则可能会对海洋生态系统产生胁迫。当前,针对大气气溶胶对海洋渔业系统影响机制的研究仍较为薄弱。未来应结合海洋环境状况,分析气溶胶对不同营养层级物种的影响,建立多层级耦合响应机制,构建相关模型,为海洋生态系统评价与分析提供科学决策依据。 |
| 关键词: 大气气溶胶 海洋生态系统 区域差异 生态响应 渔业资源 |
| DOI：10.11759/hykx20250731001 |
| 分类号:X51;X171.1;X145 |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划(2023YFD2401302);国家自然基金青年项目(42306117) |
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| Review and prospects of the impacts of atmospheric aerosols on the marine ecosystem |
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YU Jun1, XING Qinwang1, FANG Zhou1,2,3,4, CHEN Xinjun1,2,3,4
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1.College of Marine Living Resource Sciences and Management, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China;2.Key Laboratory of Sustainable Exploitation of Oceanic Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201306, China;3.National Engineering Research Center for Oceanic Fisheries, Shanghai 201306, China;4.Key Laboratory of Ocean Fisheries Exploitation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai 201306, China
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| Abstract: |
| Atmospheric aerosols serve as an essential bridge connecting terrestrial and marine ecosystems and play a pivotal role in global biogeochemical cycles. Their influences on marine ecosystems have received increasing scientific attention in recent decades. The major chemical components of aerosols include mineral nutrients, which are crucial for phytoplankton growth, but their bioavailability is strongly influenced by environmental conditions. Meanwhile, pollutants—such as black carbon, heavy metals, and persistent organic pollutants—constituting aerosols can pose serious ecological risks to marine organisms. After transport and deposition into the ocean via dry and wet processes, aerosol-derived elements exhibit complex ecological effects that are modulated by oceanic conditions. The impacts of aerosols vary regionally, leading to spatial heterogeneity in plankton growth responses and trace metal accumulation. Across trophic levels, aerosol inputs exert dual biological effects: they may enhance the productivity of microorganisms, phytoplankton, and zooplankton or, under favorable conditions, trigger harmful algal blooms and cause toxic stress that disrupts physiological processes and food web stability. These cascading effects can extend to higher trophic levels, influencing fish populations and marine fishery resources. Despite growing evidence of such interactions, the mechanisms underlying aerosol impacts on marine fishery systems remain poorly understood. Future research should integrate oceanic environmental parameters to elucidate multitrophic response mechanisms, develop coupled biogeochemical-ecological models, and provide a scientific basis for marine ecosystem assessment and management. |
| Key words: atmospheric aerosol marine ecosystem regional difference ecological response fishery resource |
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