| 引用本文: | 张建,郑皓,吴映霞,王建章,江涛,阚慢慢,王洪亮.基于现场实验的海底采矿扰动对微生物与浮游植物群落动态及系统稳定性的影响[J].海洋科学,2026,50(1):10-25. |
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| 基于现场实验的海底采矿扰动对微生物与浮游植物群落动态及系统稳定性的影响 |
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张建1, 郑皓2, 吴映霞3, 王建章4, 江涛1, 阚慢慢5, 王洪亮5
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1.烟台大学海洋学院, 山东 烟台 264005;2.长沙矿冶研究院有限责任公司, 湖南 长沙 410012;3.青岛农业大学 资源与环境学院, 山东 青岛 266109;4.山东科技大学 海洋学院, 山东 青岛 266590;5.国家深海基地管理中心, 山东 青岛 266237
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| 摘要: |
| 海底采矿扰动对海洋生物地球化学过程与系统稳定性的影响尚缺系统量化, 尤其在南海这一受陆源输入显著的边缘海更为关键。为此, 我们在南海珠江口外海设置站位, 开展采矿扰动模拟实验, 综合获取水体理化与金属参数、营养盐、溶解氧(DO)与pH、总有机碳(TOC), 并结合浮游植物显微鉴定与16S rRNA高通量测序, 解析细菌—古菌与浮游植物群落对采矿模拟扰动的响应。结果显示: 采矿扰动后水柱垂向分层加剧, TP和TN均呈“表层峰值—中层低谷—底层回升”格局, DSi随深度单调上升, DIN整体低于扰动前, pH上升而DO随深度递减;金属方面, Ni与DIP协同变化、Cu在多层升高,指示沉积物—水界面交换增强。浮游植物共检出3门23属32种, 硅藻占比78%,扰动后底层细胞丰度达5 970 cells·L-1, 其中柔弱伪菱形藻(Pseudo-nitzschia delicatissima)贡献3 500 cells·L-1。细菌—古菌方面, 水体α多样性上升并沿深度形成连续梯度, 群落由扰动前α-变形菌纲(Alphaproteobacteria)和玫瑰杆菌目(Rhodobacterales)主导的溶解有机质(DOM)循环, 转向扰动后γ-变形菌纲(Gammaproteobacteria)与放线菌门(Actinobacteria)占优的颗粒有机质(POM)降解模式; 沉积物中奇古菌门(Thaumarchaeota)占绝对优势。功能预测显示, 扰动后水体硝化相关功能随深度增强, 沉积物中好氧亚硝酸盐氧化(aerobic_nitrite_oxidation)增强, 异养代谢下降。综合来看, 海底采矿扰动通过重塑底物与化学梯度, 推动能量通量由DOM驱动转向以POM与氧化带为核心的通路, 并在短期内提升水柱多样性。这些发现从细菌—古菌与浮游植物群落双重视角为深海采矿生态风险评估与管控提供了量化依据。 |
| 关键词: 采矿扰动 高通量测序 微生物 浮游植物 南海 |
| DOI：10.11759/hykx20251111001 |
| 分类号:X172 |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划(2021YFC2801705, 2022YFC2803801);山东省深海生物资源探测与利用重点实验室项目 |
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| Effects of seabed mining disturbance on microbial and phytoplankton community dynamics and system stability based on field experiments |
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Zhang Jian1, Zheng Hao2, Wu Yingxia3, Wang Jianzhang4, Jiang Tao1, Kan Manman5, Wang Hongliang5
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1.School of Ocean, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China;2.Changsha Research Institute of Mining and Metallurgy Co., Ltd., Changsha 410012, China;3.Resource and Environmental College, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China;4.College of Marine Science, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China;5.National Deep Sea Center, Qingdao 266237, China
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| Abstract: |
| The impacts of disturbances caused by seabed mining on marine biogeochemical processes and system stability remain poorly quantified through methodological research, particularly in marginal seas like the South China Sea, where significant terrestrial inputs play a crucial role. To address this gap, we established sampling stations offshore of the Pearl River Estuary in the South China Sea to conduct simulated mining-related disturbance experiments. We comprehensively collected physicochemical and metal parameters, nutrients, dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, and total organic carbon (TOC) of the water column. Combined with the microscopic identification of phytoplankton and 16S rRNA-based high-throughput sequencing, we analyzed the responses of bacterial-archaea and phytoplankton communities to simulated disturbances. The results revealed that mining-induced disturbance intensified vertical stratification within the water column. TP/TN exhibited a “surface peak-mid-layer trough-bottom rebound” pattern, whereas DSi monotonically enhanced with depth. Overall, DIN levels remained lower than pre-disturbance, pH rose, and DO declined with depth. Regarding metals, Ni and DIP changed coordinately, and Cu increased across multiple layers, indicating enhanced sediment-water interface exchange. A total of 32 phytoplankton species across 23 genera and 3 phyla were detected, with diatoms constituting 78%. Post-disturbance, benthic cell abundance reached 5 970 cells·L−1, primarily driven by Pseudo-nitzschia delicatissima (3 500 cells·L−1). The α-diversity of the bacteria and archaea of the water column widened and formed a continuous depth gradient. The community shifted from a dissolved organic matter (DOM) cycling mode dominated by Alphaproteobacteria and Rhodobacterales before disturbance to a particulate organic matter (POM) degradation mode dominated by Gammaproteobacteria and Actinobacteria after disturbance. Sediment communities were absolutely dominated by the Thaumarchaeota phylum. Functional prediction revealed enhanced nitrification-related roles in water columns with increasing depth post-disturbance, alongside strengthened aerobic nitrite oxidation and reduced heterotrophic metabolism within sediments. Collectively, the disruption of seafloor mining reshapes substrate and chemical gradients, driving energy flux from DOM-driven toward POM- and oxidation-zone-centered pathways, while enhancing the short-term diversity of the water column. These findings provide quantitative evidence for the assessment and management of deep-sea mining-related ecological risk from dual perspectives of bacterial-archaeal and phytoplankton communities. |
| Key words: mining disturbance high-throughput sequencing microorganism phytoplankton South China Sea |
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