| 引用本文: | 刘云凤,王建微,杜为宇,耿凯桦,梁帅,丛玉婷,王连顺,王媛,杨国军,卢亚楠.从传统到绿色:虾壳甲壳素高效提取技术发展现状与趋势分析[J].海洋科学,2026,50(1):84-98. |
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| 从传统到绿色:虾壳甲壳素高效提取技术发展现状与趋势分析 |
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刘云凤1,2,3, 王建微1,2,3, 杜为宇1,2,3, 耿凯桦1,2,3, 梁帅1,2,3, 丛玉婷1,2,3, 王连顺1,2,3, 王媛1,2,3, 杨国军1,2,3, 卢亚楠1,2,3
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1.大连海洋大学水产与生命学院水产养殖学国家级实验教学示范中心, 辽宁 大连 116023;2.大连海洋大学水产与生命学院农业农村部北方海水增养殖重点实验室, 辽宁 大连 116023;3.大连市虾蟹繁育与健康养殖重点实验室, 辽宁 大连 116023
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| 摘要: |
| 虾壳作为甲壳类加工的主要副产物, 富含甲壳素等高值生物活性成分, 其绿色高效提取对推动海洋生物资源循环利用具有重要意义。本文系统综述了甲壳素及其衍生物壳聚糖、壳寡糖的结构特性, 重点探讨了化学法、生物法、物理辅助法、亚临界和超临界技术、预处理法及现代生物技术六类提取工艺的研究进展。传统酸碱法虽工业化成熟, 但存在三废污染与产物均一性差等缺陷; 新兴绿色溶剂技术通过分子设计实现选择性提取, 纯度可达97%以上, 溶剂循环利用率超过90%; 生物法在温和条件下实现蛋白质与矿质同步脱除, 脱蛋白率突破95%; 物理技术通过能量精准调控显著缩短提取周期, 能耗降低40%~60%。研究指出, 未来需聚焦多技术耦合创新, 开发低毒高效溶剂体系, 构建智能化提取装备, 并通过全生命周期评估推动工业化应用。本文为虾壳废弃物资源化技术的优化升级提供了理论依据与方向指引。 |
| 关键词: 甲壳素 提取技术 资源化利用 绿色工艺 可持续发展 |
| DOI：10.11759/hykx20250619002 |
| 分类号:TS254.9 |
| 基金项目:辽宁省科技厅面上项目(2025-MS-179); 大连市科技创新基金项目(2025JJ13GX035); 大连市富硒科技特派团(2023); 辽宁省科技特派行动专项计划(2022JH5/10400099); 富硒红薯生产技术研究与示范(070522122); 辽宁省教育厅面上项目(LJKZ0706; LJKMZ20221104);大连市青年科技之星项目(2021RQ092); 设施渔业教育部重点实验室开放课题(2021-MOEKLECA-KF-02202223); 辽宁省科技厅博士科研启动基金计划(2022-BS-278); 辽宁省海洋经济发展专项资金项目(1638837263397); 大连海洋大学博士科研启动基金计划(10222206) |
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| From traditional to green: Analysis of the development status and trends in efficient chitin extraction from shrimp shells |
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Liu Yunfeng1,2,3, Wang Jianwei1,2,3, Du Weiyu1,2,3, Geng Kaihua1,2,3, Liang Shuai1,2,3, Cong Yuting1,2,3, Wang Lianshun1,2,3, Wang Yuan1,2,3, Yang Guojun1,2,3, Lu Yanan1,2,3
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1.College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China;2.Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China;3.Engineering Research Center of Shellfish Culture and Breeding in Liaoning Province, Dalian 116023, China
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| Abstract: |
| Shrimp shells are the primary by-product of crustacean processing and are rich in high-value bioactive components such as chitin. Their efficient and green extraction is important for promoting the recycling and utilization of marine biological resources. This article systematically reviews the structural characteristics of chitin and its derivatives, chitosan and chitooligosaccharides, with a specific focus on research progress in six extraction processes: chemical methods, biological methods, physical-assisted methods, subcritical and supercritical technologies, pretreatment methods, and modern biotechnology. Although traditional acid-base extraction methods are well established in industry, they have drawbacks, including environmental pollution and poor product uniformity. Emerging green solvent technologies achieve selective extraction through molecular design, with purities exceeding 97% and solvent recycling rates greater than 90%. Biological methods enable the simultaneous removal of proteins and minerals under mild conditions, with a depolymerization rate exceeding 95%. Furthermore, physical technologies substantially shorten the extraction cycle through precise energy control, thereby reducing energy consumption by 40%-60%. The study emphasizes that future efforts should focus on multi-technology integration and innovation to develop low-toxicity, high-efficiency solvent systems, as well as the construction of intelligent extraction equipment, to promote industrial applications through full-life cycle assessment. This review provides a theoretical basis and strategic guidance for the optimization and upgrading of resource utilization technologies for shrimp shell waste. |
| Key words: chitin extraction technology resource utilization green process sustainable development |
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